전기 설비는 원자력 발전소와 같은 발전소에서 발전 시스템을 운영하고 시설물 전체의 안전을 유지하는데 중요한 역 할을 한다. 이러한 전기 설비들은 캐비닛 내부에 설치되어 외부의 위험으로부터 보호된다. 캐비닛 자체 구조와 내부의 전기 장 치들의 내진검증은 발전소의 안전한 운영을 위해 필수적이다. 부분 전기 캐비닛의 내진검증 연구들은 진동대 시험에 의존하여 진행되고 있다. 그러나 시험을 기반으로 한 내진검증의 경우 다양한 종류의 전기 캐비닛의 특성을 포함하기에는 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제는 상세 3D 유한요소 모델을 통한 내진 검증평가는 진동대 시험으로 인한 비용 및 시간을 절약할 수 있고 다양한 형태 및 위치의 전기설비 설치에 따른 내부의 응답 민감성을 확인해 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 단문형 전기 캐비닛의 내진응 답에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 먼저 진동대 시험으로 얻은 모달해석 결과를 바탕으로 ABAQUS software를 통해 구축된 3D 상세 유한요소 모델을 검증하였다. 그리고 캐비닛 내부의 다양한 기기 설치를 모사하기 위해 캐비닛 하부 및 상부 위치에 캐비닛 총 무게의 2%, 4%, 6%의 질량을 유한요소 모델에 추가하였다. 또한 2개의 고주파 지진과 2개의 저주파 지진을 입력 지진으로 선 정하여 캐비닛 내부 기기의 질량 변화에 따른 캐비닛 내부와 외부의 가속도 응답 변화를 분석하였다.

According to Granger causality test, yield of Cooperate Bond and export amount of Machinery have a meaning at statistical Confidence level of 10%. In case of index of the unit cost of export and export amount of Machinery, they have an interactive Granger cause. In yen dollar exchange rate and export amount of Machinery, former variable gives an unilateral Granger cause to latter that. Also, call rate gives an unilateral Granger cause to export amount of Machinery. In case of M3 & export amount of Machinery, former variable have an influence on latter that at 5% Confidence level.

ISO 9000 is a management standard that provides customers with assurance thu their registered suppliers have a consistent quality system to which they adhere. this paper draws on four sources to show how ISO 9000 can lead to performance improvement. 1)theories of induces innovation and improvisation 2) the literature on ISO 9000 3) a case study of a telecom company. we find that the extent to which ISO 9000 is associated with performance improvement depends on the level of its assimilation, and the degree to which an organization goes beyond the minimal requirements of the standard.

Inappropriate recycling/disposal processes that are caused by the illegal transboundary movement of electronic wastes (e-wastes) can have harmful effects on the environment and public health because of these wastes’ harmful components. Therefore, we must understand the current situation regarding the domestic management of exported/imported e-wastes and examine the international requirements according to the Basel Convention. In this study, the current management situation of e-wastes in domestic and foreign countries and the present recycling processes of companies in Korea are investigated to draw improvements when e-wastes are exported or imported. Most imported e-waste involves waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) and their scraps (more than 95.7 % of the total e-waste volume in 2015) to recover precious metals such as copper, silver, gold, etc. To distinguish between waste and non-waste under the Basel Convention, six items (① market for used electronic and electrical equipment (UEEE), ② residual life and appearance, ③ functional tests, ④ evidence of UEEE deals, ⑤ evidence of contracts to a trade partner, and ⑥ packaging and loading conditions) and a decision flowchart are considered to classify whether the end-of-life equipment is waste.

Nuclear power plants in operation are composed of many electrical equipment, and various types of safety related components are installed in the electrical equipment. These internal components are repeatedly replaced due to aging and their performance improvements during the operation of nuclear power plants. Replacement of safety-related shall demonstrate that no malfunction occurs even under amplified seismic load at the level where the components are mounted on the electrical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to derive the accurate seismic load from the level where the target components are mounted on electrical equipment through the equipment seismic analysis. To perform seismic analysis of electrical equipment, dynamic characteristics should be extracted through in-situ test and utilize to improve the electrical equipment seismic analysis model. In this study, in-situ test of typical NPP’s electrical equipment is performed to derive a natural frequency and mode shapes in the horizontal direction.

현대 사회는 4차 산업혁명의 시대로 넘어가면서 그에 따른 전기전자 산업의 급속한 발전이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 다양한 전기전자 기기의 생산/사용의 급증 및 소비자들의 소비 패턴의 변화가 발생하였고, 이로 인하여 수많은 전기전자제품이 중고로 전락하여 재사용 목적으로 수출되거나, 폐기물로 취급되어 재활용 목적으로 수출입 되는 현상이 국제적으로 증가하고 있다. 사용이 끝난 전기전자기기를 폐기물로써 재활용 목적으로 수출하는 경우에는 그 안에 함유된 유해특성 및 유해물질을 규제하는 국제협약에 따라 승인을 받을 필요가 있으나, 재사용 목적으로 중고품을 수출하는 경우는 국제협약에 근거한 수출승인을 얻을 필요가 없다. 문제는 폐기물이 중고품으로 둔갑되어 국제협약에 따른 수출승인을 받지 않고 수출될 경우, 이 수출품은 운송 도중에 사고가 발생할 가능성이 있고, 상대국에 반입된 폐기물이 상대국의 환경에 위해를 줄 가능성이 있으며, 협약 상 불법수출로 간주되어 수출품이 반출되는 등 국제적인 문제로 발전될 수 있다. 따라서 재사용에 적합하지 않은 전기전자기기가 재사용 목적으로 수출되는 일이 없도록 객관적으로 판단할 수 있는 지침 마련 및 이행이 중요하지만, 국내에서는 사용이 끝난 전기전자제품에 대해서 중고품 또는 폐기물로써 판단할 수 있는 구체적인 기준이 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중고제품과 폐기물 간의 판단에 대해 국제 협약 및 해외 국가에서 마련되어 있거나 시행하고 있는 지침서를 면밀히 검토하는 한편, 국내 전기전자폐기물의 실태 및 정세를 파악하여, 국제 협약을 올바르게 이행하면서도 우리나라 현실에 맞는 지침(안)을 작성하고자 하였다.

최근 유럽은 2015년 순환경제사회로의 정책 기조 발표에 따라 자원효율성 지표 개발 등 관련 활동을 추진하고 있으며, 국내에서도 자원순환기본법이 2018년부터 시행될 예정이다. 또한 기존의 전자제품등자원순환법에서는 재활용 소재 사용에 따른 재활용 분담금 감면 정책이 시행되는 등 폐기물 최소화 및 순환자원 확보를 위한 정책 및 제도가 확대되고 있다. 이에, 국내외 자원순환 관련 정책 및 제도에 사전 대응하기 위해 국내 기업의 재활용 플라스틱 사용 현황을 파악하고, 재활용 소재 활성화 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 전기전자제품 완제품 제조업체를 대상으로 설계단계의 소재선정에 대한 일반현황, 재활용 소재 사용 현황, 재활용 플라스틱 사용 활성화 방안, 재활용 플라스틱 표준화 방안에 대한 설문조사를 진행하였다. 응답 기업의 주요 생산제품은 소형기기, 중형기기, 대형기기, 통신사무기기 순이며, 제품에 사용되는 플라스틱으로는 ABS, PVC, EP 등이 있다. 또한 응답 기업의 41%는 제품 설계단계에서 소재선정 및 검토의 주목적으로 성능 및 품질향상, 바이어 및 법적요구사항 만족으로 답변하였으며, 86%의 기업은 재활용 플라스틱 사용에 대해 현재 적용하고 있거나 확대 예정이라고 응답하였다. 응답 기업의 95%는 재활용 플라스틱 사용 시 재활용 분담금 감면 제도에 대해 인지하고 있으나 감면인정금액이 적어 활용하기 어렵다고 응답하였다. 이에, 재활용 플라스틱 활성화를 위해서는 금융･조세지원의 제도적 보완뿐만 아니라 재활용 소재 기술개발 지원, 국가표준 제･개정, 재활용 사용비율 의무화 도입 등의 방안이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 응답 기업의 100%가 재활용 플라스틱 함유율 산정 방법 등 재활용 플라스틱 관련 표준 제정의 필요성을 인지한바, 표준 제정이 재활용 플라스틱의 보급‧확산에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대된다.

In this study we conducted a material flow analysis (MFA) of the four major types of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), namely refrigerators, TV sets, washing machines, and air conditioners, based on the most reliable data available from the Eco-Assurance System, other governmental sources, the literature, a field survey, and interviews. A MFA of six major components, iron, copper, aluminum, plastics, precious metals, and rare metals was also conducted. The estimated total generation of WEEE in 2013 amounted to 401.8 thousand tons, of which 3.8% (or, approximately 5% including printed circuit boards) was exported and 55.0% was recycled. The collection by the formal take-back system occupied 34.6% of the total generation, from which 83.9% was recovered as valuables. The six major components amounted to 299.7 thousand tons, among which 89.8% of iron, 91.4% of copper, 56.0% of aluminum, 27.1% of plastics, 37.1% of precious metals, and 6.2% of rare metals were recovered. A high positive correlation was found between the amount of WEEE flowing into the private recycling business and its economic value. Since the recovery ratio in the private sector was estimated to be much lower, while the potential environmental impact was higher, an optimal strategy was identified to enhance the collection by the public sector. Providing economic incentives should be an effective means to encourage private collection through the formal take-back system.

Environmental regulations on the management of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) have been strengthened in many developed countries. Improper management and disposal of such waste, especially in informal sectors, may pose serious threats to the environment and human health. In Korea, there are very few available statistical data regarding distribution flow and treatment of WEEE in informal sectors (i.e., unreported private collection and recycling facilities). In order to provide additional measures related to proper management of WEEE, there is an urgent need for a quantitative material flow study on the amount of the waste found in the sectors. This can be achieved by conducting a statistical analysis of the flow of WEEE in the sectors and by drawing significant results and implications of such analysis. In this study, the relevant data were collected from literature review and a number of field site visits to informal private collection and recycling sites with survey in Daejoen Metropolitan City. Statistical analysis of the survey related to the distribution of WEEE in informal sectors was conducted to determine the quantitative flow of WEEE in the sectors. According to the results of this study, 3.38 kg/person/year were introduced into informal sectors in 2013, while 2.48 kg/ person/year was recycled in formal sectors in 2012. This study implies that there are significant amounts of WEEE that are present and processed in the sectors, which are not regulated by government. Small private collectors of WEEE in informal sectors received approximately 60.6 unit/month on average. The results of this statistical study indicate that there are no significant differences among the factors such as the amount of treatment, the number of employee, and the degree of dismantle process. However, there is significant difference among the WEEE category large home appliance, small-sized home appliance, and audio-video equipment. Further study may be warranted to focus the flow of WEEE in informal sectors in more large scale in order to accurately determine the final destination and disposal of such waste in the environment.

Global increase in the demand for the new Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) results in the rapid increase of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (or electronic waste). Significant efforts on developing diverse WEEE recycling policy and programs such as extended producer responsibility (EPR), WEEE directive, and the restriction of the use of hazardous substances (RoHS) directive are being made by many developed nations. This study focuses on determining priority among proposed WEEE recycling policy research projects by a number of experts from academia, institutions and recycling industry using quality function deployment (QFD) method to better manage and recycle WEEE in Korea. In order to develop effective WEEE recycling policy, a total of 12 different WEEE recycling policy research projects were proposed by a total of 11 experts related WEEE recycling. Reliability and validity evaluation of the proposed projects were conducted, along with SPSS statistical software. By using the QFD method, a survey regarding potential problems, suggestions, and difficulties at several WEEE recycling facilities were conducted and evaluated. Evaluation of the proposed projects was made by house of quality (HOQ). In this study, proposed research projects with higher importance index include WEEE collection system, development of WEEE recycling guideline, and establishment of WEEE generation/collection/recycling national database. The QFD method employed in this study can be effectively used as a decision-making process tool in WEEE recycling policy and road map.

In this study, we analyzed Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) contained in TV covers of 15 and refrigerator components of 9 produced in Korea. In the TV front covers, 70 ~ 2,296 mg/kg of PBDEs were detected and in the back covers, the PBDEs detection was as follows: 128,773 ~ 158,104 mg/kg for TVs produced between 1983 ~ 1997, and 42 ~ 41,625 mg/kg between 2000 ~ 2005, which indicates that PBDEs content started to substantially decrease from 2000. When comparing these figures with those from other countries, we found that the front covers of televisions contain lower levels of PBDEs than those produced in Japan and back covers had similar or higher levels. The concentrations of the components of the refrigerator samples ranged from N.D. to 445 mg/kg. By comparing isomer patterns of PBDEs obtained from the products and those reported to be found in the environment, this study estimated distribution characteristics of PBDEs and the correlation between their pollution sources and the environment. The results showed that deca-BDE used in TVs has an impact on the environment, for example, indoor dust and sediment in rivers. We suggest that in order to prevent hazardous substances contained in electrical and electronic products from continuously circulating in the environment, the E-waste should be managed in terms of waste treatment and that the XRF screening method is appropriate to regulate the contents of toxic substances in an economic and effective way.