Fungi belonging to the Paecilomyces spp. have recently been used as food and herbal medicines in Korea and are greatly popular as commercially available powdered supplement or dried fruiting body. Despite this acceptance and its use, little is known of the genes related to its reactive agents. Presently, We have constructed an olig-d(T) primed directional cDNA library from the silkworm Dongchunghacho, an entomopathogenic fungus, of which species is belonging to Paecilomyces spp. based on the previous identification of ITS1 and ITS2 at the molecular level and collected from Jocheon Miryang, Korea. To isolate and screen genes in the fungus, 626 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) were generated by a partial sequencing from the cDNA library. cDNA encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(Pt-GAPDH) of Paecilomyces tenuipes- Jocheon was cloned from the above cDNA library. The complete cDNA sequence of Pt-GAPDH is comprised of 1,014bp encoding 338 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence of Pt-GAPDH showed higher homology with Beauberia bassiana-GAPDH(93% amino acid identity). Hydropathy analysis revealed that Pt-GAPDH protein is hydrophilic. The major three amino acids in its composition of amino acid residues were alanine(11.54%), valine(9.47%) and glycine(8.88%). The Pt-GAPDH gene of Paecilomyces tenuipes entomopathogenic fungus consisted of three exons and two introns coding for 338 amino acid residues, and the genomic DNA length of the gene spans 1302bp. The accession number of the gene in GenBank are GU997099 for Pt-GAPDH cDNA and GU997102 for Pt-GAPDH genomic DNA. More investigation works including gene expression, immunological analysis etc. will be carried continuously without hesitation after this presentation.

Pine wilt is the most important disease of pine trees in Korea, Japan and China. The pathogen causing this disease, the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophylus), is transmitted vectored by adults of some cerambycid beetle species and the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus, is the major vector species in Korea. Although chemical insecticides have been used to kill vector insect and thus prevent transmission of the pathogen, the efficacy is not good. In Japan, to control this insect, an entomopathogenic fungus was studied and developed as an insecticide. This is thought to be the convenient and effective method to control M. alternatus. Recently, there are several reports about the pinewood nematode is vectored by also the pine sawyer, M. saltuarius, in Korea. The objective of this study, therefore, was to isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungi from M. saltuarius cadaver to control it. We collected the cadaver of M. saltuarius and then screened several fungi colonies. The pathogenicity of each fungus was tested using oak longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis, as substitutive insect. M. diphysis is also serious pest to various trees in forest. As the result, only one of them showed high pathogenicity against M. diphysis. Selected fungus was identified by microscopic examination and DNA analysis. Pathogenicity was also evaluated to M. saltuarius.

산림청으로부터 분양받은 백강균의 균주 F101, F587, FJ8의 포자형성력과 균사와 포자의 esterase 활성도를 비교한 결과 F101이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 균의 포자를 도말한 후 조건에서 보관하면 5~7일부터 충이 치사하여 24~28일 후에는 충의 표면에 균사와 포자가 분출한다. 그러나 보관조건에서는 뚜렷한 병적 증상이 나타나지 않았고 50일 이상이 경과하여도 충밖으로 균사나 포자가 분출되는 것을 관찰할 수 없다. 백강균의 포자를 충체에 주입하였을 경우에는 충의 치사시기가 빨라지며 4보다 에 보관하면서 지방체, 표피, 혈림프로 구분하여 전기영동법으로 조사한 결과 각 조직의 일반단백질과 esterase는 충 치사시기인 3일(60시간)을 기점으로 상당수가 사라지는 현상을 보인다. 백강균은 기주에 재차감염을 일으킬 수 있는 확율을 최대한으로 하기 위하여 공기중에 있을 때는 포자를, 토중에서는 길고 가는 균사를 형성하는 생리적인 적응을 한다.

곤충병원성선충과 곰팡이를 이용한 파리의 생물적 방제 가능성을 검토한결과, 여과지상에서의 큰집파리에 대한 고충병원성선충의 병원력은 동래에서 분리한 Steinernema glaseri strain이 2.8%의 치사유을 보여 가장 효과가 좋았으며, 다음이 S. carpocapsae로서 0.0%였고 함양에서 분리한 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain은 2.7%, 포천에서 분리한 S. carpocapsae strain은 9.4%였다. 농가 화장실에 곤충병원성선충 260,000마리씩을 처리한 경우, H. bacteriophora 함양 strain이 100%, S. glaseri 동래 strain이 3.9%, S. carpocapsae 포천 strain이 6.1%의 파리유충을 치사시켰다. 곤충병원성곰팡이 Beauveria brongniartii 7.0TEX109/TEX cfu를 단독처리한 농가 화장실에서는 집파리유충의 치사율이 0.1%였으나, S. carpocapsae포천 strain이 130,000마리와 곰팡이 혼합처리에서는 77.83.9%, H. bacteriophora 함양 strain 130,000마리와 곰팡이 혼합처리에서는 5.1%의 치사율을 보여, 파리방제의 곤충병원성선충과 곰팡이의 이용가능성이 있었다.