조선시대 읍치는 전국 군⋅현 지역의 행정중심지인 동시에 교통의 결절지로서 소위 전통도시라고 할 수 있다. 또한 근대 이전 공유되어 온 전통적 공간인식체계이자 지리로서 풍수가 투영되어 있는 대표적 장소이기도 하다. 본 고에서는 조선후기 부평도호부를 사례로 읍치 상황을 확인할 수 있는 지리지, 고지도 등 관련 문헌과 현장답사를 병행하여 읍치의 풍수적 공간구성을 확인 하고 현재적 입장에서 특징적인 풍수 관련 경관의 복원 의미 및 방향성을 제시해보고자 하였다. 먼저 풍수 상 읍치 국면을 군⋅현 최고 명당으로 구성하는 근간이자 출발 로서 진산, 주산에 주목하였다. 읍치 복원과 관련해 진산, 주산이 지니는 의미는 단순히 읍치를 구성하는 주변 자연환경 중 하나가 아닌 읍치의 역사적 장소성 구성이나 경관배치를 위한 일종의 지표경관이 될 수 있다. 다음으로 진산, 주산과 읍치 내 중심 경관인 동헌, 객사 간 형성되는 공간 관계 즉 ‘공간구성을 위한 중심축’을 설정할 수 있다. 풍수적 공간구성에서 진산, 주산으로부터 동헌으로 이어지는 중심축은 읍치 경관 복원과 관련해 제반 요소 간의 중요도나 우선순위를 결정하고 또한 그것의 입지나 방위를 비정하 는데 있어서 시사하는 바가 크다. 마지막으로 지역 생태환경에 대한 통합적 인식과 장기적인 접근의 필요성 과 관련해 풍수 비보에 주목할 필요가 있다. 풍수 비보는 산과 물로 대변되는 생태환경을 하나의 생명체로 전제하고 인간과 교감, 공존하는 동기간(同氣間) 관계로 접근하는 생태중심적 환경관의 전통적 버전이라고 할 수 있다.

This paper analyses the railroad trunk line constructed in the Korea since the end of the 19th century. The analysis consists of the following problematics. 1) The process of the decision of the railroad route 2) The relationship of the location of Eupchi and the stations By clarifying the above, the purpose of this paper is to clarify how the morphology of the city in Korea has been affected by the change in the relationship with Korea and Japan. The Empire of Japan has been reconnoitering the Korea since way before the formal contract for the railroad construction was signed. Therefore, the Empire of Japan had a very good understanding of the actual transportation system when it started the construction of the railroad. The railroad construction was used by the Empire of Japan to empower the control over the Korea. For this reason, the new railroad system was constructed as a different system from the former transportation system and the urban system was also affected. Also the relationship of the western powers and Japan around the turn of the 20th century defined the characteristic of the railway system as a pathway through the Korean peninsular to link Japan to the continent. Moreover, being apprehensive about the friction with the western, Japan located the railway stations to avoid the missionary land properties. This made it clear that the restraint relationship between Japan and the western affected the urban special structure.

The purpose of this study is to examine the planning principles and historical meaning of Eupchi constructed during the Joseon Dynasty. I investigated the general character of Eupchi based on analyses of published materials from the Joseon Dynasty. The Joseon Dynasty, which started in 1392, set up Eupchi in a position to effectively govern the whole country. Eupchi was differentiated from the surrounding villages, and became the center of administration and education. Eupchi was established based on techniques taken from the capital. Following precedence in the capital, Eupchi was transformed with spaces for Confucian ceremonies. The cityscape of Eupchi was also differentiated from the surrounding villages. Such transformation of Eupchi represents the progress of urbanization. The developments found in Eupchi spread around Korea, and mark an important stage in the historical evolution of Korean urbanization. The Joseon Dynsasty used similar techniques from the capital to establish Eupchi. However, I found some differences between Eupchi and the capital.　The Joseon Dynasty recognized that walls could protect not only the capital city but also the country from foreign enemies. Protective walls were required for a capital, but not for Eupchi. In addition, Eupchi did not have commercial institutions supported by the Dynasty. This further demonstrates that different planning principles were used at Eupchi.