읍성은 조선시대 500여 년간 각 지역의 정치․경제․사회․문화의 중심지 역할을 수행하였으나, 일제강점기와 근대화 과정을 거치면서 대다수가 해체․철거되었다. 이미 많은 읍성이 사라졌지만, 고려 공양왕 2년(1390)에 토성으로 처음 축조되어 조선시대 연산군 6년(1500)에 석성으로 개축되었던 언양읍성은 일제강점기에 남천(현재의 태화강)의 제방 축조를 위하여 동남쪽 일부 성벽이 훼철된 것을 제외하고는 현재까지 비교적 양호한 보존상태를 유지해 오고 있다. 특히 언양읍성의 남문지는 2002년 도로정비사업의 일환으로 발굴조사가 수행되었고, 근현대기의 건물 아래에 비교적 온전한 상태로 잔존하고 있던 남문지의 전체적인 구조가 확인되었기 때문에 원형 복원의 가능성이 그 어느 부분보다도 높다고 할 수 있다. 또한 복원이 이루어진다면, 상징성이나 파급효과, 역사․교육적 활용도 및 도시경관 개선, 관광자원으로서의 가치재고 측면에서 큰 기여를 할 것으로 판단되고 있다. 하지만, 지금까지 남문에 대한 건축적인 측면에서의 고증작업이나 복원적 연구는 미흡한 실정이었다. 본 연구는 언양읍성의 정문이었던 남문(영화루)에 대한 복원적 연구를 진행하여 지금까지 연구가 미진하였던 언양읍성의 문루건축의 건축적 특성을 규명함으로써 복원에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 결과 조선시대 조영되었던 언양읍성 남문 일곽은 전면에 반원형의 옹성을 두른 개거식의 성문이었으며, 그 문루인 영화루는 중층(2층) 5량가구에 초익공을 둔 건물이었을 것으로 추정된다.

Through reinvestigations of early years of King Young-Joe provincial castles, Jeonju Eupsung, this study seeks to broaden the understanding of castle construction of the later period of Chosun Dynasty. Jeonju Eupsung was established by reform-minded king and his loyalist Cho, Hyun Myung. Their new conceptual framework for reconstruction of Jeonju Eupsung was affected by Yoo, Hyung Won, a realist scholar of 17th century. It is obvious that adopted new administrative systems of financing, building and maintaining of Jeonju Eupsung were based on the his theories of castle. This study demonstrates that Jeonju Eupsung built by Cho, Hyun Myung, during the early years of King Young-Joe were based on those new concepts and systems of the new age. The study shows that the designer of this castle had in mind efficient construction design and execution and effective defense of provincial towns located on flat ground. And, the study explains how those original designer sought higher productivity through greater localization of securing resources and more detailed and improved organization of construction responsibilities. In short, this study seeks to prove that the provincial castles of the early 18th century reflected the new thinking on practicality that was spreading throughout the society of Chosun Dynasty at the time.

This paper discusses the change of land ownership in the urban historical core of Kyungju city in the Period of Japanese occupancy(1910-45) based on the analysis of land register records. Kyungju city was not designated for the cities controlled by urban planning law which was set up in 1912 and 1934. The major purpose of this paper is to clarify the urbanization process of a Korean local city where the formal urban planning projects were not carried out. The focus of the study is the increase of the Japanese landowners and Japanization of the landscape. In the very beginning of occupation, Japanese already owned about 8% of the total land of the city centre where the old Kyungju castle had been located. The ratio of the land owned by Japanese went up to more or less 70% at the end of World war II. The process which the urban core had been replaced for the Japanese is very clearly traced from the analysis of a land register records.