금융 이해력은 개인이 건전한 금융 의사결정을 통해 자신의 금융 복지를 달성하는데 필요할 뿐 아니라 국가 경제의 안정적 성장을 위해서도 요구되는 역량이다. 이 연구는 우리나라 취약 계층의 금융 이해력 수준이 어느 정도이며 어느 영역, 어느 내용에서 얼마나 더 취약한지를 구체적으로 살펴본다. 노인, 저소득층, 다문화 가정, 북한 이탈 주민들의 금융 이해력 수준은 전반적으로 성인 평균보다 훨씬 낮았는데, 특히 금융 지식 영역에서 격차가 두드러졌다. 이에 비해서 금융 행위와 금융 태도 영역에서는 상대적으로 성인 평균과의 격차가 작거나 일부 내용에서는 성인 평균보다 더 바람직한 행위나 태도를 견지하고 있었다. 취약 계층 중에서도 가장 취약한 것은 탈북민이었다. 이들은 시장 경제 체제에 대한 지식이 결여되어 있어 이자나 투자의 기본 원리 등에 대한 이해도가 현저하게 낮았다. 바람직하지 않은 금융 행위를 하거나 태도를 지니고 있는 탈북민도 매우 많이 있다는 조사 결과를 통해서 탈북민을 대상으로 금융교육을 강화할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 취약 계층에 따라 파악된 취약점을 고려하여 특화된 정책과 금융교육 내용 및 교수법을 개발하고 적용하는 일이 시급하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.

이 연구는 금융감독원이 2014년에 18세 이상 성인을 대상으로 실시했던 금융 이 해력 조사 가운데 관심을 기울일 필요가 있는 문항에 대해서 연령대별 특성과 차이 를 중심으로 그 결과를 분석하였다. 전반적으로 30대와 40대, 그리고 50대의 금융 지식이 20대 이하의 젊은층과 65세 이상의 고령층에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 복리, 예금자 보호 제도, 신용 등급 등에 대한 이해도가 매우 낮은 것으로 조 사되었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 전체 국민을 대상으로 금융교육을 확대할 필요가 있지만, 한정된 자원이라는 제약 조건을 감안할 때 더욱 집중적으로 우선해서 금융 교육을 실행해야 할 대상과 내용을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 조사 대상자 대부분은 초등학생부터 고등학생에 이르기까지 학교에서 금융교육을 받을 필요가 있다고 생 각했으며, 저축과 투자를 가장 중요한 금융교육 내용으로 꼽았다. 국제적으로 금융 이해력을 측정하여 비교하는 일도 의미 있지만, 동시에 우리나라 현실에 맞는 한국 형 측정 도구를 개발하여 적용하는 작업이 필요하다.

본 연구는 금융이해력 수준을 단계별로 나누어 금융이해력 수준에 따라 다양한 금 융자산을 보유하는데 영향을 주는 지 살펴보고 각 금융자산을 보유하는 데 금융이 해력 단계별 수준이 어떠한 영향력을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 분석을 위하여 한국금융투자자보호재단이 실시한 2014 펀드 투자자 조사(Fund Investor Survey)자료를 통해 서울 및 6대 광역시와 수도권 신도시에 거주하는 만 25세 이 상 64세 이하 일반인 2,530명을 분석대상으로 하였다. 그 결과 기초 금융이해력 수준이 심화 금융이해력 수준에 비해 높게 나타났고, 기초 금융이해력 수준보다 심 화 금융이해력 수준이 다양한 금융자산을 보유하는데 영향을 주었으며 금융자산의 유형에 띠라 금융이해력 수준의 영향력이 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

This study introduced income mobility analysis using pseudo-longitudinal panel data from Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to consider the dynamic process of individual’s well-being through time. Since there is no comprehensive measurement of income mobility because of its dynamic process, various income mobility indices such as Chi-square, Average Jump Index, Atkinson et al. Mobility Ratio, and Shorrocks’ Mobility Index were used. These indices revealed that Filipino households’ income movements are more mobile than expected, and their income status improved from 2000 to 2015. As income mobility takes place, income inequality is reduced by 91.80 percent (91.80%). Furthermore, the growth effect is the main factor of income mobility. This indicates that households took the economic opportunities from economic growth to earn more. However, income mobility due to transfer effect (transfer of income from one household to another through lottery winning and borrowing) increased when the economy is not good. The higher income mobility due to growth effect compared to transfer effect, whether the economy is good or bad, means that households learned how to use their income in savings, investments, and entrepreneurship. This is the result of a successful financial literacy program of the government wherein households realized financial stability and security.

This study aims to investigate whether financial attitude links financial literacy to financial capability. To make sound financial decisions, one essentially requires a certain level of financial literacy – knowledge and skill in finance. Even more effective is when one’s financial literacy could be developed into financial capability. The samples comprised 342 individuals from informal labor in the South of Thailand. The stratified multistage sampling technique was utilized to select the respondents, while the interview questionnaires were used to collect the data. By using SmartPLS 3.0, the data analysis included descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The result revealed that the one with the highest debt was Gen Y compared to Gen B and Gen X. Considering financial literacy, financial attitude, and financial capacity across generations, it was found that Gen Y had the highest average score in financial literacy and financial capacity, higher than that of Gen X and Gen B. The impact of financial literacy on financial capability through financial attitude, it was found that the impact on Gen B was higher than that of Gen X and Gen Y. With the right financial attitude, people of all generations would be equipped with a higher level of financial capability.

The research examines how interactions of financial literacy and peer effect indicators impact financial market participation of Vietnamese investors. In this research, financial literacy indicator is constructed from two levels, namely, basic financial literacy and advanced financial literacy. An empirical study was carried out by investigating 387 individuals who are currently working in finance-related areas such as banking, insurance and real estate industries. The findings indicate that individuals with higher level of financial literacy, specifically those with advanced financial literacy level, tend to participate in financial market. However, individuals with basic financial literacy level tend to walk away from financial market because the nexus between basic financial literacy and financial market participation is found negative statistically significant. The findings also suggest that peer effect and perceived financial literacy have a positive significant relationship with financial market participation. These findings remain robust after endogenous problem is addressed by employing instrument variable (IV) method, especially Ivprobit regression. Hence, these findings recommend that policy-makers should design and develop financial literacy programs, specifically at sophisticated level, to adapt and overtake the trend in financial innovation development. This should be done, not only on individual, but also national scale to ensure greater financial market participation.

This study aims to investigate whether financial literacy, parental socialization, peer influence and self-control have a significant impact on money management among students of a Malaysian public university. In most settings, the studies on the determinants of personal saving behavior among university students focus on personality factors, attitudes toward money and possessions, and financial knowledge as predictors of money management behavior. Primary data are collected using a self-administered questionnaire with the samples comprised 186 students. The findings show that all the financial literacy and parent socialization have a positive relationship with money management; meanwhile, peer influences and self-control have a negative relationship with money management. This is because the majority of students admit they cannot control their self in managing their money. In this study, parent socialization has a significant relationship with money management which signifies that parents are playing essential roles in ensuring their children to establish money management. In practical, this study can contribute to the parents in providing their children to foster sound money management. Besides, Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional (National Higher Education Fund Corporation) PTPTN should monitor the loan, and management process and arrange motivational program so that students can more focus on the educational expense.