This research was conducted in simulated art scenarios to explore the effects of three treatment variations of music on the visualization of art (not only its presence/absence was tested, but also its fast/slow perceived rhythm) and it employed a sample of 234 potential art consumers. Findings suggest that music is not able of enhancing the art experience. Actually, the study found empirical evidences of its negative influence on consumers’ emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses.

Escape pattern of the ambrosia beetle Platypus koryoensis (Murayama) based on individual gallery was investigated. The survey was conducted in four oak forests located in Chuncheon, Hanam, Paju and Seongnam, and escape patterns from individual gallery were surveyed using emergence trap attached at the entrances of galleries formed in 2010. The number of adults caught in each trap was periodically counted from May 2011 to September 2012. The adults ambrosia beetle was caught over two years after infestation. The escape patterns in the first and second year after infestation showed different types; in the first year, escape of adults from gallery was observed one or two times whereas escape from gallery was observed two times in the second year with variation in aspect of escape density and timing. Moreover, variations in escape pattern between trees or between galleries in the same tree was observed. Colonization success rate in living tree was higher than that of dead tree, but the number of progeny per gallery in living tree was lower than that of dead tree. Colonization success rate in the galleries of second year was lower than that of first year, but the number of progeny per gallery of second year was higher than that of first year.

High power and high efficiency has been required in internal combustion engine. Accordingly, the thermal load deformation, thermal stress and temperature on piston become higher at newly developed engines. To investigate the cooling effect of piston, a few types of piston design is presented and finite element method is carried out to analysis the heat transfer and the thermal stress. The piston which has upwards shifted cooling gallery is also analyzed to investigate the thermal load effect of oil jet cooling.

탐구는 과학교육의 본질을 설명해주는 결정적인 특징이다. 최근에는 스스로 문제를 제기하여 탐구하고 그것을 의사 소통하는 능력을 포함한 논증이 강조되고 있는데, 학교 탐구학습 맥락에서는 자율적이고 활발한 상호작용의 측면에서 그 한계가 지적되고 있다. 그래서 대안으로 비형식 맥락에서의 탐구학습이 제안되고 있으며, 이에 본 연구는 국립과천과학관 내 자연사관을 자유 관람하는 중학생 소집단의 대화적 탐구에서 나타나는 상호작용 유형을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중학생 13그룹의 탐구적 대화 42사례를 대상으로 탐구요소 및 상호작용 유형을 분석하였다. 탐구요소는 문제제기, 자료수집, 설명의 세 가지로 구분하였고, 상호작용은 대화의 흐름을 화살표로 도식화하여 나타내었다. 문제제기로부터 탐구가 시작된다고 보았으며, 문제제기 이후 후속적인 반응에 따라 유형이 구분되었는데, 총 7가지 유형이 발견되었다. 그 유형은 문제제기 공유, 문제제기-단순응답, 문제제기-단순설명, 문제제기-단순설명-(자료수집)-자료기반 설명, 문제제기-자료수집-자료기반 설명의 5가지로 크게 나누어지고, 가장 많은 빈도를 보인 유형 2는 다시 소극 회피적 응답, 부정확한 응답, 패턴의 반복으로 세분화되었다. 본 연구는 비형식 탐구학습에서 학교 탐구학습과 차별화되는 상호작용 패턴을 파악하였다는 점에서 기존 연구들과 차별성을 가지며, 비형식 탐구학습에서 상호작용 유형을 기술하고 있다는 점에서 비형식 탐구학습 연구를 위한 기초를 제공하였다는 의의를 가진다.

Recalling images from the past is one of Yeats's favorite poetic activities, especially in his old age. Many of his later poems are created on the basis of this technique, providing considerable information on his contemporary characters, events and other factors. In a sense, this kind of versification appears to mythify prominent historic figures in turbulent modern Irish history. In the poem "Municipal Gallery Revisited", Yeats sees his poetic personae as 'permanent or impermanent images', but ironically, they will be remembered permanently because of this work. They will also illuminate individual and national history dealt with in the poetic stanzas. Yeats's creative strategy is to enumerate a series of intense scenes that are worth remembering. To grasp a specific image in a particular moment is intended to reveal an absolute feature of a given character or a historical as well as cultural event. Through their own images, these people depicted in the poem are turned into symbolic characters. Greatness is impressed with a single scene and genuine perpetuity is uncovered with an instant reflection. In other words, a briefly described image is not just a section randomly isolated from a particular person's life. Rather, the image implicitly sums up and typically project an individual's complex personality in the poem, and in turn, on the reader's mind. The poet-narrator walks through the gallery, appreciating the portraits and other paintings on display and opens up his own creative world. Political characters in the beginning, then Hugh Lane and other Gregory people as a cultural stepping stone and finally the portraits of John Synge and Lady Gregory appear in sequence through the poetic work. Such a climactic approach stresses what the poet has in his own mind. Artistic ideals and literary colleagues who shared them with the poet are remembered and in the end, he himself go beyond the grave and sees his own self as an image already dead in an elegiac imagination. What he wants to record in a literary epitaph is gradually expressed along the long gallery of the museum. Eventually, the scenes composing this verse create a visionary gallery to light up the poet's real self.