본 연구는 갈색날개매미충의 기계유유제 처리 방법별 부화율과 산란에 의한 사과 열매의 품질 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 기계유유제 처리 효과를 보면 기계유유제 20배를 도포한 것이 평균 0.57%로 가장 적은 부화율을 보였고, 분무한 가지에서는 평균 1%의 부화율을 보였다. 기계유유제를 50배 도포 처리시 부화율이 약 35%를 보인반면 분무처리는 약 77%를 보여 편차를 고려하면 무처리와 차이가 없는 것으로 보인다. 홍로와 후지 품종에서 갈색날개매미충이 산란한 결과지와 산란되지 않은 결과지에 이듬해 사과 열매가 결실되어도 과실의 품질 차이는 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 또한 갈색날개매미충의 산란에 의한 가지의 부러짐도 없었고, 결과지 생육도 통계적 유의성은 없었다.

Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a key role in development from invertebrate to vertebrate. It is known to be involved in cell differentiation, polarity, proliferation, including the development of vertebrate limb and the establishment of flies’ body plan. To investigate how the regulation of Hh pathway affects the development of parthenogenetic murine embryos, the parthenogenetically activated murine embryos were treated with either cyclopamine (Cyc), an antagonist of Hh pathway, or purmorphamine, an agonist of Hh pathway. While Cyc did not affect the blastocyst formation and its total cell number, the chemical reduced the hatching rate of embryos and the expression levels of Fn1 mRNA. The results of the present study show the possibility that Cyc may affect the development of embryos at blastocyst stage by blocking Hh pathway and this may cause detrimental effect to the embryos at peri-, and post-implantation stages.

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of various vertebrate embryos and remains important in adults. Although Shh signaling pathway has widely been studied in post-implantation stage embryos, only few studies are reported about pre-implantation stage embryos. To investigate the effect of Shh on pre-implantation stage embryos, cyclopamine and purmorphamine were treated to embryos in culture. Cyclopamine acts as an antagonist of the hedgehog signaling because it has a high affinity to Smoothened, a key part of the hedgehog signaling pathway. On the other hand, purmorphamine activate Smoothened and acts as a Shh signaling agonist. The oocytes were collected after superovulation and parthenogenetically activated in Chatot, Ziomek, and Bavister medium (CZB) including 10 mM strontium for 5 hr. The activated oocytes were cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM), KSOM with 5 uM of cyclopamine, KSOM with 1 uM of purmorphamine, or KSOM with both 5 uM of cyclopamine and 1 uM of purmorphamine. After 5.5 days in culture, there was no significant difference in blastocyst development among the four experimental groups. However, the hatching rate was increased in the groups containing purmorphamine, and the blastocysts of the purmorphamine-containing groups had higher total cell number than those of other two groups when the cells were counted after Hoechst33342 staining. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) shows the difference of gene expression level which are related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, this study suggests that the increase of Shh has an effect on the increases of EMT-related genes and hatching rate of pre-implantation stage embryos, and this may improve implantation subsequently.

This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of male incubating behaviour on hatching rate of giant water bug from May 2, 2011 to September 2, 2012 in the laboratory(24.1±0.2℃) in HECRI. The giant water bug, Lethocerus deyrollei, is the largest aquatic insect in Korea (length, Female: 63.5±0.4mm, Male: 54.0±0.3mm). L. deyrollei has been designated as an endangered species by the Ministry of Environment of Korea since 1997. L. deyrollei lay eggs as clusters on stems or vegetation of aquatic plants above the water. Males do not leave the stems which eggs are sticked until eggs hatched because they protect eggs against predators and supply water to eggs. The incubating behavior of male L. deyrollei was observed three times a day, 06:00, 13:00 and 19:00 respectively and 32 egg-clusters were used. Three treatment - presence of male incubation, absence of male incubation, and artificial removing male - were manipulated to observe the hatching rate of egg masses. There were different hatching rates between presence (67.2%) and absence (1.9%) of male incubatng behavior. In case of artificial removing male, eggs could not hatch. The mean diameter of eggs(2.87±0.03mm) which male incubated was bigger than that of eggs(2.18±0.03mm) which male did not care.

The hatching rate of the eggs of Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, an endangered dragonfly species in Korea, was experimented in different temperature conditions (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃) in laboratory. N. pygmaea eggs were collected from female adults inhabited a small wetland in Mungyong-si, Kyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, in July 2006. The hatching rate was evaluated from the number of hatched nymphs for the period of 100 days. As a result, the hatching rates were 83, 89, and 76% at 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively, however, eggs were not hatched at 10℃ and 15℃ during the experiment period. The derived thermal threshold for egg hatching was 14.3℃, which is relatively higher than the values of other temperate dragonflies.

속성장 육종 넙치(selected line of olive flounder cultured, SF)의 수정란의 부화율 및 기형률, 자치어의 성장을 일반 넙치(unselected line of olive flounder cultured, UF)와 비교하였다. 동일한 날에 획득한 SF구 및 UF구 수정란의 부화율은 SF구가 96.21.7%, UF구는 90.42.1%로 SF구가 높았으며, 기형률은 UF가 유의하게 높았다. 이들 수정란으로부터 부화한 자어를 8