본 연구의 일차적 목적은 유연근무제 활용 만족도가 공무원의 일과 삶의 균형 수준에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 검증하고자 한다. 추가적으로, 유연근무제 활용 만족도와 일과 삶의 균형 수준 간의 관계에 있어 공무원의 결혼 여부와 맞벌이 여 부 변수가 갖는 조절효과를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적 달성과 가설 검증을 위해 우리나라 D 자치단체 공무원을 대상으로 2021년 9월 10일부터 9월 24일까지 설문조사를 수행하였다. 응답자는 모두 정규직 신분의 지방직 공무원이며, 통계분 석에 활용된 응답자 수는 총 457명이다. 본 연구의 가설검증을 위해 활용된 통계분 석 방법은 기초통계분석, 상관관계분석, 그리고 회귀분석이다. 분석 결과, 유연근무 제 활용 만족도 수준과 일과 삶의 균형 수준 간은 통계적으로 유의미한 양의 관계가 있음이 검증되었다. 또한, 공무원의 결혼 여부와 맞벌이 여부 변수들은 모두 유연근 무제 활용 만족도 수준과 일과 삶의 균형 수준 간의 관계를 부분적으로 조절하는 효과가 있음이 검증되었다. 본 연구가 갖는 이론적 기여 및 실무적 시사점은 아래와 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 유연근무제의 효과 연구에 치중했던 국내 유연근무제 연구의 주요 흐름에 유연근무제 활용 만족도 관련 정량적 연구를 수행함으로써 이론적 확 장에 기여할 수 있다. 둘째, 본 연구의 통계분석 결과는 공공조직에서 유연근무제 관련 제도 개선과 정책 환류를 할 경우, 공무원의 결혼 여부와 맞벌이 여부에 따른 수요자 맞춤형 유연근무제를 설계해야 한다는 점을 제시하고 있다.

본 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹이 한국 소비자의 패션소비지출에 미친 영향을 파악하고자, 코로나19 전후 기간에 한국 가계의 패션소비지출의 변화를 살펴보고 세대와 소득수준에 따라 그 변화를 비교하였다. 연구문제의 검증을 위해 통 계청의 가계동향자료를 토대로 2018년부터 2021년까지 가구의 소득, 소비지출액, 소비지출 중 패션소비지출액을 추출 하였고, 추출된 자료로 소득대비 패션소비지출 비율, 지출대비 패션소비지출 비율이 계산되었다. 세대는 Z세대, M세 대, X세대, 베이비부머 세대, 사일런트 세대로 구분되었고, 소득수준은 가계소득 5분위를 기준으로 해당하는 소득분위 로 구분되었다. 연구 결과, 코로나19 이후 소득대비 패션소비지출 비율은 감소하였으며 소득분위에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 가구의 지출대비 패션소비지출 비율은 코로나19 발생 이전과 이후 기간을 비교한 결과 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 세대에 따른 차이도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 소득분위에 따른 차이는 없었다. 가구 총지출액 중 패션소비지출이 차지하는 비율은 패션소비가 차지하는 중요도를 의미하는 것으로, 코로나19 이후 소비영 역의 중요도가 변화하였음을 나타내며, 세대에 따른 중요도의 차이가 존재하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 팬데믹 상황과 같은 소비에 영향을 미치는 거시적 환경의 변화에 따라 향후 소비의 변화를 예측하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

There is little information on the nutrient intake according to the city size and small town in Korean elderly. This study analyzed the nutritional consumption of older people in metropolitan, middle and small cities, and rural areas according to four income levels. The recent data from the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used. The final analysis included 4,325 individuals (Male: 1,856, Female: 2,469) over 65 years old. Multivariable regression with a complex sample design was conducted to compare the nutrient intake among the groups. In a comparison within regions, the nutrition status of the elderly in small towns was more vulnerable than metropolitan and middle & small cities. The energy intakes were similar between the groups. The carbohydrate intake of middle & small cities was significantly higher than the other regions. The intake of other nutrients in metropolitan and middle & small cities appeared to be higher than in rural areas. The number of nutrients with statistical significance between low and high-income levels were 19 in metropolitan, 11 in middle & small cities, and 5 in rural areas. Each contribution of carbohydrate, fat, and protein to the total energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level in metropolitan and middle & small cities. On the other hand, in rural areas, only the contribution of protein to energy intake was lower in the low-income level than the high-income level. Cities with higher levels of urbanization had more severe nutritional inequality in relation to the income level. There was also nutritional inequality present in rural areas but it was to a lesser extent. Moreover, the generally low level of nutrient intake was problematic in rural areas. These findings could be used as fundamental evidence for developing community nutritional policies for the elderly.

본 연구는 원예활동 프로그램이 노인주간보호센터를 이용하는 저소득청각장애노인의 우울감과 생활만족도, 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 설문연구 대상자는 서울시와 경기도 소재 청각장애 노인시설의 주간보호센터를 이용하는 노인으로 선정하였다. 자료분석 방법은 원예치료 프로그램 실시 전과 후에 우울감 및 생활만족도, 자아존중감의 차이를 검증하는 대응표본 T검정과 하 위요인별 대응표본 T-검정 분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 총 10회의 원예활동 프로그램을 통하여 단일집단 사전, 사후설계로 4월~6월 중에 사정, 계획, 실행, 평가 과정을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 원예활동을 통한 원예치료프로그램이 저소득 청각장애노인의 우울감 감소 및 생활만족도와 자아존중감 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이는 원예활동 프로그램이 향후 노인 주간보호센터를 이용하는 저소득 청각장 애 노인의 사회통합 프로그램으로 적극 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다. 또한, 노인복지 프로그램의 일환으 로 청각장애노인 대상의 심리치료 프로그램으로도 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate dietary habit and nutritional status by household income in female adults, using data from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007~2009). Subjects were 8,356 women over the age of 20 years. The subjects were classified into 4 groups by household income level. Dietary data from 24 hr recall methods were used to analyze nutritional status. The obesity rate of the low income group was significantly higher than the rates of other income groups. Additionally, the nutritional status of the low income group was worse than those of other groups. The percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake was higher and food security status was lower in the low income group than in other groups. Awareness and adherence to dietary guidelines were also lower in the low income group. Adherence to a dietary guideline of ‘avoiding salty foods and trying to eat foods with bland taste’ and ‘eating a variety of foods from each food group’ were lower than those of other groups. However, the frequency of skipping breakfast among the low income group was lower than that of others. Therefore, this study suggested that low income women should decrease the percentage of carbohydrate in total energy intake and adhere to dietary guidelines, especially those of avoiding salty foods and eating a variety of food groups, in order to improve their nutritional status.

This study was conducted to measure the effect of a community-based nutritional intervention program on dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes of low-income elderly women in Korea. The subject of the study was a group of 88 elderly women using the free meal service in Dong-gu, Gwangju city in Korea. The study was carried out from April to July 2009, and the pretest, application of nutrition education, and post-test were applied in each stage. This community-based nutrition intervention program consisted of snack supplement and nutrition education provided three times a week and 36 times in total. The nutrition education was led by the nutritionists and professionals using various educational media. Snack supplement included were milk, soymilk, carrot juice, bread, yogurt, and bananas. The result of pretest showed that the nutrient intakes of the subjects were much below the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) level of Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Comparison of the dietary behavior score and nutrient intakes before and after the nutritional intervention program indicated that the food behavior score increased from 3.1 to 5.6 (P<0.001) and intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, thiamin, niacin, vitamin C, iron, and potassium of the subjects all increased significantly (P<0.05). Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) of their nutrient intakes was also improved from 0.53 to 0.64 (P<0.01). These results indicated that the nutrition intervention program conducted in this study was effective in improving dietary behavior and nutrient intakes of elderly women in local community.

This study was to evaluate the anthropometry, dietary attitudes and the other factors of 201 children in day-care centers according to their parents' income levels. The evaluation was conducted using anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, and questionnaire survey which was completed by the children's mothers. The results are summarized as follows: Overall growth of children was normal according to Korean standard. There were no significant differences in anthropometry according to the income levels. The scores of eating habits of children were different significantly according to income levels. That is, the score was the lowest in the low-income group. Children generally prefer one-dish meal or snacks, while the preference levels of kimchi, seasoned vegetable and beans broiled in soysauce were lower than those cf other foods. In the questions to know mothers' nutrition knowledge, we could see that they didn't know well about protein, breast-feeding, weaning and balance in nutrients. Nutrition knowledge score of mothers was significantly lower in the low income group, which shows close relationship with low-score eating habits of their children. The score of nutrition knowledge was affected by the mother's education level. The higher the mother's nutrition knowledge and education level, the better children's eating habits. These findings emphasize the planning and application of nutrition education programs for mothers especially in the low income group.

According to economical status, under-nutrition and over-nutrition coexist in preschool children in Korea. Subjects consumed more than RDA in most nutrients, and children in of the upper income class tended to have more nutrients than those of the low income class. Especially in case of energy, protein, fat, vitamin B2, and P there were significant differences among the different classes. The mean calorie compositions of carbohydrates, protein and fat were 57~59: 16~17: 26~27 and fat calorie percentage was higher than quantity recommended for Korean adults. Energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, B1 and C intakes were taken mostly from plant food sources. In the upper income class group, intakes of protein and vitamin B2 from animal food sources were higher than in any other income classes. Intakes of iron, vitamin A, B1 and C were largely provided by plant food group. Especially 44-45% of vitamin A were taken from vegetable and fruits group, which indicated that about 50% of vitamin A intake was the form of β-carotene. Also compared with other groups, in the upper income class group, the intakes of energy, protein, Ca, p, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 from cereal and potatoes were significantly lower, and those of Ca and P from milks and meats, fishes & eggs were significantly higher(p〈0.05). The mean fat intake in all subjects was 38~43g/day. Regardless of income class, oleic acid(6.6~8.4g) and linoleic acid(6.7~8.1g) were the most abundant fatty acids contained in the diet. The upper class group consumed significantly more total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids(p〈0.05). In polyunsaturated fatty acids, there were no differences between 3 different income classes, but intakes of total Ω6 fatty acids in the upper class tended to be higher and those of total o3 fatty acids in low class tended to be higher. Therefore, Ω6/Ω3 tended to be higher in the upper class group. Regardless of income classes, P/M/S and Ω6/Ω3 ratios in all subjects were 0.9~l.3/1.0~1.1/1.0 and 5.2~7.4/1.0, respectively and were in a desirable range. Cholesterol intake of subject was 184-218 mg/day, which was comparable to the value of Korean adult intake.