Heat treatment has been widely used to control some stored insect pests. The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, gives massive economic loss to most stored grains. Heat tolerance of P. interpunctella was assessed in most developmental stages in this study. Heat treatment at 44oC for 1 h was lethal to P. interpunctella. Compared to other developmental stages, late larval instar larvae were more tolerant to the heat treatment. Some of the fifth instar larvae could survive under 44oC for 80 min, but completely died at exposure to 45oC for 80 min. However, the survival rates of the larvae significantly increased by pre-exposure to sublethal temperature at 37oC. The rapid induction of heat tolerance was accompanied with increases in gene expressions of two heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90, but not in that of Hsp25. Interestingly, hemolymph trehalose levels also increased from 39.2 mM to 51.3 mM by pre-exposure to 37oC for 30 min. These results suggest that P. interpunctella induces a rapid heat tolerance by up-regulation of heat shock protein levels and hemolymph trehalose levels.

Maize weevil (Sittophilus zeamais) and Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) are the dominant species among the stored grain insect pests of the rice grain and bran. This experiment was conducted to investigate developmental characteristic and damages of S. zeamais and P. interpunctella on the rice. Under five constant temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, developmental periods from egg to adult of Sittophilus zeamais were 43.0, 36.4, 29.2, 20.8 and 16.3 days, respectively. With egg periods being 9.6, 7.3, 5.2, 3.2 and 2.6 days, and larval periods being 25.2, 22.6, 19.8, 14.5 and 11.3 days, and adult periods being 129.3, 116.1, 108.6, 89.2 and 73.3 days, respectively. Damages of S. zeamais adult at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 67.2, 96.2, 134.0 and 174.5 for 24hr on the rice. Damages of P. interpunctella larval 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 56.2, 78.3, 109.4 and 138.7 for 24hr on the rice. The duration of maximum occurrence were June to August for S. zeamais, late May to early August for P. interpunctella.

This paper presents sequential sampling plans for evaluating the pest density based on complete counts from probe in a rice storage warehouse. Both maize weevil and Indian meal moth population showed negative binomial dispersion patterns in brown rice storage. For cost-effective monitoring and action decision making system, sequential sampling plans by using the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) were developed for the maize weevil and Indian meal moth in warehouses with 0.8 M/T storage bags. The action threshold for the two insect pests was estimated to 5 insects per ㎏, which was projected by a matrix model. The results show that, using SPRT methods, managers can make decisions using only 20 probe with a minimum risk of incorrect assessment.

Adding cinnamon (Cinnamonum cassia Blume) extract into the adhesive used to affix stickers to a chocolate package is an effective method for protecting chocolate products from infestation by the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella Hübner). Chocolate packages treated with adhesive including 0.02% and 0.025% of cinnamon extract were not infested with the Indian meal moth for up to 30 days at 28.1℃ and 70-75% RH, whereas 100% of the packages without the extract were infested in the no-choice test. Chocolate packages treated with adhesive including 0.02% and 0.025% of cinnamon extract in the quadruple choice test were not infested with the Indian meal moth for up to 60 days at 28.1℃ and 70-75% RH, whereas 100% of the packages without the extract were infested. A panel test showed that the cinnamon extract treatment would not affect consumers’ choices.

The biology of indian meal moth and maize weevil on the trehalose gene introduced rice (var "Nakdong") (T-Nakdong) was compared to that on the rice without gene introduction (Nakdong) at 28±1.0℃. Development of the both two insects was significantly delayed, on T-Nakdong, the developmental periods of female moth (±SE) and weevil were 38.46±0.42 and 36.38±0.28 days, respectively. Whereas those on Nakdong were 36.38±0.28 and 34.33±0.18, respectively. Net reproduction rate of Indian meal moth on T-Nakdong (3.0±0.14) was significantly lower than that on Nakdong (9.25±0.13), due to the lower emergence rate (21.08±0.04% vs 48.30±0.06%). The life table statistics of maize weevil on T-Nakdong was estimated to be similar to those on Nakdong. The delayed development of T-Nakdong suggested that the factor for development of the insects could be changed by the introduction of trehalose gene into the rice variety.

대용량 밀 저장 엘리베이터(직경 8 m, 높이 41 m)에서 화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunctella ())의 유충기생봉, Bracon hebetor Say, 방사를 통한 화랑곡나방 개체군의 억제 실험을 수행하였다. 2002 년 7월 23일부터 일주 간격으로 총 50,000 마리의 기생봉을 방사하였던 바 화랑곡나방 성충의 밀도 수준이 방사하지 않은 엘리베이터에 비해서 30% 수준으로 유지되었다.

고온 처리를 통한 화랑곡나방의 방제효과를 검토하기위하여 제분시설 공간을 이상으로 가온하여 3시간이상을 유지한 후 충태별 사망률(표준오차)을 조사하였다. 가열 처리 후 시설 공간내의 온도는 위치에 따라 차이를 보여 이상이 유지된 시간이 주변부에서는 3시간, 중앙부에서는 11시간이었다. 화랑곡나방의 고온에 대한 내성은 충태에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 성충의 경우 가장 작아 처리 위치에 관계없이 의 사망률을 보였고, 알이 가장커서 위치에 따라 를 보였다. 유충의 사망률은 의 범위에 있었다. 이상의 온도가 11시간 이상 유지된 위치에서도 알의 사망률은 에 이르지 않아 보다 장시간의 처리가 필요함을 보여주었다. 이를 토대로 소규모 제분시설에서의 가열방제에 대해 간략히 논의하였다.

현미(Sativa oryzae L., 품종 일품)에서의 화랑곡나방(Plodia interpunstella H)의 발육과 생명표와 통계량을 다섯상이한 온도 조건(17, 20, 25, 28, )에서 조사하였다. 온도에 대한 발육반응은 성 간에 차이가 없었다. 조사 온도범위에서 나방의 발육일수와 성충 수명은 온도가 높아짐에 따라 짧아져서 에서 각각 30.4일과 5.6일이었고 에서 각각 5.1일과 2.0일이었다. 우화율도 온도가 상승함에 따라 높아져서 에서 6.2%였고 에서 25.6%로 추정되었다. 그러나 부화율은 에서 5.3%로 정점에 도달한 후 다시 감소하여 를 경계로 이보다 높은 온도에서 부화가 저해되었다. 암컷 당 산란수는 17SIM 28의범위에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 에서는 유의하게 적어서 산란수와 부화율 간에 밀접한 관계가 있음을 암시하였다. 암컷을 산란은 온도가 높아짐에 따라 우화 2일후로 집중되었다. 순증가율은 에서 가장 높았고 와 의순으로 낮아졌으나 내적 자연증가율은에서 가장 높아 일당 0.065로 추정되었으며 이는 빠른, 높은 우화율, 산란의 우화초기집중에 의한 것으로 생각되었다.