한반도의 인삼은 중국의 비단과 차, 일본의 은과 함께 동아시아 상품교역네트워크를 구성하는 중요한 상품이었고, 지금도 그 상품가치를 높여가고 있다. 인삼이 해외 수출상품으로 확립된 것은 개성상인들의 노력에 힘입은바가 크고, 일제강점기에 활동한 개성상인 孫鳳祥과 孔聖學은 紅蔘과 白蔘 등 인삼제품을 해외시장에 수출한 주역이었다. 전통학문에 대한 깊은 소양을 갖춘 儒商 손봉상과 공성학은 중국, 대만과 홍콩 등지의 홍삼판매처를 시찰한 자신들의 활동을 『中遊日記』와 『香臺紀覽』에 남겼다. 그러나 개성상인들이 남긴 우리나라 최초의 해외시장 시찰기라 할 두 책을 텍스트로 한 홍삼판로 시찰에 대한 연구가 전무한 상황이라 이에 대한 연구가 시급하다. 본고는 일제강점기, 개성상인들의 중국 및 세계 인삼시장에 대한 인식과 함께 고려 인삼의 해외시장 개척에 대한 그들의 의지와 노력을 확인하고자 하였다.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanism of the physical environment of North Korea’s Kaesong Industrial District in terms of landscape management. It also assesses how such a mechanism has been created and the effectiveness of the results. As a research method, we compared the architectural design and landscape management guidelines of fifteen companies in the initial complex of Kaesong Industrial District. The results follow. First, advanced spatial planning, such as landscape management, has contributed greatly to preparing the physical environment of Kaesong Industrial District to be a future-oriented economic special zone. Second, the landscape management methods that do not apply to the manufacturing complex were first transplanted to the North Korean Kaesong Industrial District ten years before they were adopted in South Korea. Third, officials of the two Koreas have generally recognized the necessity and effectiveness of landscape management. Fourth, the necessity of landscape management methods further developed at Kaesong Industrial District, as well as the means of implementation, will continue to be a positive precedent for future inter-Korean economic cooperation projects. However, some problems were found in the process of formulating and executing the landscape management plan. First, despite the fact that it is a national project in which the central government of directly intervenes, it is an impromptu progress without preparation of each special field, including landscape plan. Second, although Kaesong Industrial District is an inter-Korean economic cooperation project, North and South Korea have never been cooperative in specialty areas such as landscape management.