Background: Osteoarthritis is a common condition with an increasing prevalence and is a common cause of disability. Osteoarthritic pain decreases the quality of life, and simple gait training is used to alleviate it. Knee osteoarthritis limits joint motion in the sagittal and lateral directions. Although many recent studies have activated orthotic research to increase knee joint stabilization, no study has used patellar tendon straps to treat knee osteoarthritis. Objects: This study aimed to determine the effects of patellar tendon straps on kinematic, mechanical, and electromyographic activation in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Patients with knee osteoarthritis were selected. After creating the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), leg length difference, Q-angle, and thumb side flexion angle of the foot were measured. Kinematic, kinetic, and muscle activation data during walking before and after wearing the orthosis were viewed. Results: After wearing the patellar tendon straps, hip adduction from the terminal stance phase, knee flexion from the terminal swing phase, and ankle plantar flexion angle increased during the pre-swing and initial swing phases. The cadence of spatiotemporal parameters and velocity increased, and step time, stride time, and foot force duration decreased. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the increase in plantar flexion after strap wearing is inferred by an increase due to neurological mechanisms, and adduction at the hip joint is inferred by an increase in adduction due to increased velocity. The increase in cadence and velocity and the decrease in gait speed and foot pressure duration may be due to joint stabilization. It can be inferred that joint stabilization is increased by wearing knee straps. Thus, wearing a patellar tendon strap during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis influences kinematic changes in the sagittal plane of the joint.

역사지진과 계기지진 기록에 따르면 한반도 남동부는 우리나라에서 지진활성도가 가장 높게 평가되는 곳으로, 최근에 양산단층대와 울산단층대를 따라 제4기 단층이 다수 보고되어 고지진학적 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 특 히 울산단층대의 중부지역에 해당하는 경북 경주시 외동읍 말방리 일원은 울산단층대 내에서 가장 많은 활성단층이 보고된 지역이다. 따라서 이 지역에 대한 고지진학적 특성을 이해하기 위하여 먼저 LiDAR 영상 및 항공사진을 이용한 지형 및 선형구조 분석을 실시하여 단층에 의한 기복으로 추정되는 지형인자를 확인하고, 야외답사와 물리탐사를 통해 단층을 추적하여 기 보고된 말방단층 지점에서 약 300 m 북서쪽에 위치한 곳에서 길이 20 m, 너비 5 m, 깊이 5 m의 굴착조사를 실시하였다. 굴착단면을 통해 분석된 제4기 퇴적층의 특징을 바탕으로 단층의 기하학적·운동학적 특성을 해석하여 고지진학적 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 이번 굴착단면에서 확인된 역단층의 기하를 보이는 단층의 자세는 N26oW/33oNE로 울산단층대를 따라 분포하는 기 보고된 단층들과 유사하다. 약 40 cm의 단일 겉보기 변위가 인지되었 으나 단층조선의 부재로 실변위는 산출할 수 없었다. 선행연구에서 제안된 극저온구조층의 연대결과 값을 토대로 단층 의 최후기 운동시기는 후기 뷔름빙기 이전으로 추정하였다. 기 보고된 연구결과와 본 굴착단면에서 획득한 단층기하를 종합하여 이 지역에 발달하는 단층계를 인편상구조로 해석하였고, 단층특성을 반영한 모델을 제시하였다. 말방리 일원 에서 수 회의 굴착조사를 비롯한 다수의 선행연구가 수행되었음에도 불구하고 구체적인 단층변수에 대한 정보가 미진 하고 각 지점들 간의 상관성이 명확하게 규명되지 않은 것은 역단층의 복잡한 운동학적 특성에 기인한 것으로 판단된 다. 추후 고지진학적 연구가 추가적으로 수행된다면 상기의 문제점들을 해결하여 종합적인 단층의 형태와 운동사가 규 명될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Cryopreservation is a widely-used efficient means of long-term sperm preservation. However, unlike other types of semen, cryopreserved boar semen has reduced fertility and the efforts continue to optimize post-thawing sperm recovery. In this study, we evaluated the effects of various washing solutions (Hulsen solution, labmade DPBS and commercial DPBS) on post-thawing porcine sperm kinematics (CASA system), viability (SYBR-14/PI) and acrosome integrity (PSA/FITC). We also examined the effect of washing-centrifugation on frozen-thawed semen kinematics. The results indicate that type of washing solution and post-thawing centrifugation alters parameters linked to sperm quality (total motility, progressive motility, viability and acrosome integrity). Significantly higher (p < 0.05) motility and progressive motility were obtained when cryopreserved semen was processed with Hulsen solution. The postthaw percentage of live and intact acrosomal sperm was significantly higher in group 1 (Hulsen solution) as compared to other groups. Following thawing-centrifugation, the results showed significantly higher motility and progressive motility in group 1 than other groups. However, the latter two DPBS groups did not differ statistically. Taken together, Frozen-thawed spermatozoa motility, acrosome integrity and viability can be affected by the type of washing solution used. Moreover, centrifugation of frozenthawed semen has an unfavorable effect on total motility and progressive motility.

We analyze the spatially resolved kinematics of gas and stars for a sample of ten hidden type 1 AGNs in order to investigate the nature of their central sources and the scaling relation with host galaxy stellar velocity dispersion. We select our sample from a large number of hidden type 1 AGNs, which are identified based on the presence of a broad (full width at half maximum ≳1000 kms-1) component in the Hα line profile and which are frequently mis-classified as type 2 AGNs because AGN continuum and broad emission lines are weak or obscured in the optical spectral range. We used the Blue Channel Spectrograph at the 6.5-m Multiple Mirror Telescope to obtain long-slit data with a spatial scale of 0.3 arcsec pixel-1. We detected broad Hβ lines for only two targets; however, the presence of strong broad Hα lines indicates that the AGNs we selected are all low-luminosity type 1 AGNs. We measured the velocity, velocity dispersion, and ux of stellar continuum and gas emission lines (i.e., Hβ and [OIII]) as a function of distance from the center. The spatially resolved gas kinematics traced by Hβ or [OIII] are generally similar to the stellar kinematics except for the inner center, where signatures of gas out ows are detected. We compare the luminosity-weighted effective stellar velocity dispersions with the black hole masses and find that our hidden type 1 AGNs, which have relatively low back hole masses, follow the same scaling relation as reverberation-mapped type 1 AGN and more massive inactive galaxies.

Background: Static hamstring stretching exercises have been widely used to improve flexibility of the hamstring muscles. However, few studies have examined the influence of standing static hamstring stretching (e.g., jack-knife stretching) on movements of the lumbopelvic–hip complex. Objectives: To examine the short-term effects of jack-knife stretching on movements of the lumbopelvic–hip complex. Design: Case series. Methods: Fourteen participants with hamstring tightness (8 male, 6 female) were recruited. Participants performed jack-knife stretching for 150 s. Before and after stretching, participants performed the finger-to-floor distance (FFD), sit and reach (SRT), active knee extension (AKE), passive straight leg raising (PSLA), and active straight leg raising (ASLR) tests as well as pelvic tilt while standing to identify the effects of stretching. Results: There were significant improvements in the FFD, SRT, AKE, PSLA, and ASLR tests after stretching. However, pelvic tilt angle while standing did not significantly change. Conclusion: Jack-knife stretching can be a useful exercise to improve flexibility of the hamstring muscles, but not pelvic alignment while standing.