This study examines the signs of 83 Korean restaurants operating in Berlin as of January 2025 and discusses the following from the perspective of the language landscape: First, in which characters are these signs written? Second, in what language is the term ʺKorean restaurantʺ stated? Third, in which language is the store name written? Fourth, do other design considerations exists? The result shows that those who operate Korean restaurants in Berlin tend to display signs primarily in Roman letters instead of highlighting Hangul, which is still considered an unfamiliar character to Germans to avoid creating an overly heterogeneous language landscape. But the result of more comprehensive examination shows that the Korean restaurants in Berlin tend to display their identity and characteristics as Koreans. These research results can be used as reference material to gauge the lifestyle of Korean immigrants in the present Germany, beyond a simple discussion of the language landscape.

This study aims to explore the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Busan’s old downtown. To achieve this, the linguistic landscapes of three major traditional markets—Gukje Market, Bupyeong Kkangtong Market, and Jagalchi Market—were collected and analyzed as representative commercial spaces of this area. The key findings are as follows: First, Hangeul was the most frequently used script type across all three markets and appeared in the largest font size, reflecting a general preference for Hangeul and the Korean language regardless of business type. Second, store names consisting of four to five syllables were the most common. Third, Gukje Market displayed varied linguistic landscapes across its streets, with the street adjacent to Gwangbok-dong exhibiting the most linguistic diversity. Fourth, the temporary stall signs in Bupyeong Kkangtong Market’s night market exhibited the greatest linguistic variety, showcasing a broad range of languages. Fifth, in Jagalchi Market, where the proportion of foreign tourists is relatively high, signs were predominantly in Hangeul, but menus were provided in multiple languages to accommodate linguistic diversity among visitors. Finally, the use of regional dialects and various regional names in store signage reflected Busan’s local identity and migration-driven history.

The following study analyzes the linguistic landscape of governmental public signs with focus on whether language rights are being fulfilled, in Garibong-Dong, Seoul, which has a high proportion of people with Chinese citizenship in Korea, most of whom are Korean-Chinese, utilizing “Language Rights of Linguistic Minorities: A Practical Guide for Implementation” (Izsák-Ndiaye, 2013) published by the UN OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) as a framework to see whether language rights are being fulfilled by governmental public signs. The study includes interviews with two workers of Korea Support Center for Foreign Workers about whether language rights of Garibong-dong's residents could be affected by the linguistic landscape and what efforts could the governments make for residents.