The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of tensor fasciae latae-iliotibial band (TFL-ITB) self-stretching exercise on the lumbopelvic movement patterns during active prone hip lateral rotation (HLR) in subjects with lumbar extension rotation syndrome accompanying TFL-ITB shortness. Eleven subjects (9 male and 2 female) were recruited for the two-week study. A three dimensional ultrasonic motion analysis system was used to measure the lumbopelvic movement patterns. The TFL-ITB length was measured using the modified Ober's test and was expressed as the hip horizontal adduction angle. The subjects were instructed how to perform TFL-ITB self-stretching exercise program at home. A paired t-test was performed to determine the significant difference in the angle of lumbopelvic rotation, movement onset time of lumbopelvic rotation, TFL-ITB length, and LBP intensity before and after the two-week period of performing the TFL-ITB self-stretching exercise. The results showed that after the intervention, the lumbopelvic rotation angle decreased significantly (p<.05), the movement onset time reduced significantly (p<.05), and LBP intensity decreased slightly but not significantly (p=.07). The hip horizontal adduction angle increased significantly (p<.05) after the intervention. These findings indicate that TFL-ITB stretching exercise increased TFL-ITB length, decreased lumbopelvic rotation angle, and delayed the movement onset time of lumbopelvic rotation after two-weeks. In conclusion, the TFL-ITB self-stretching exercise performed over a period of two weeks may be an effective approach for patients with lumbar extension rotation syndrome accompanying TFL-ITB shortness.

Conventional approach for restraining additional lateral movement of bridge abutment is to decrease applied load by replacing rear ground with EPS block, ALC(autoclaved lightweight concrete), to increase soil resistance by applying tie-rod, geo-grid, permanent anchor, counterweight fill, and to increase lateral bearing capacity of soil by installing grouting, restraint pile. With properly restrained lateral movement of bridge abutment by applying those methods, the expansion joint and bridge bearing can be repaired after securing expansion joint gaps by cutting off concrete slabs and steel box girder. In this paper, the proposed approach for securing expansion joint gaps by restoring displaced bridge abutment to its original position with the use of hydraulic jacking device is discussed. By using hydraulic jacking device, cutting off concrete slabs and steel box girder is unnecessary.

Lateral movement of bridge abutment is frequently causing damages to the expansion joints, bearings, bridge backwall and settlement of approach slabs. In this study, about 1,000 bridges which was lateral movement occur were investigated. The investigation shows that the lateral movement of abutment occurred not only in soft ground, but also in abutment on embankment of the normal soil conditions. The causes of lateral movement included settlement and deformation of high embankment, lateral spread of soft ground, expansion of con'c pavement by alkali-aggregate reaction.

Prevention methods for lateral movement of abutment include increasing the bearing capacity of foundation, improving the soft ground and reducing the external loads. These methods are usually adopted prior to the bridge construction. However, it is not easy for them to be applied to the bridge during common use. Because they are not only difficult to be constructed, but also potential causes of stability of the bridge. Instead, counterweight fill, grouting and permanent anchorage can be considered as alternatives when the lateral movement of abutment occurs. Among them, grouting has been adopted a lot recently. In this study, analysis is carried out to review the reinforcement effect of grouting method.

Lateral movement of bridge abutment is frequently causing damages to the expansion joints, bearings, bridge backwall and settlement of approach slabs. This result in high maintenance cost and inconvenience to road users. In this study, about 1,000 bridges which was lateral movement occur were investigated. Based on the inverstigation, some suggestions to minimize the lateral movements of abutment were proposed to include reinforcement method of lateral movements occurred bridges.

In the case of using highway bridge abutments on soft ground, the soft ground often causes serious troubles such as lateral movement of bridge abutments by lateral surcharges. Lateral movement of bridge abutments cause damage of expansion joints and bearings, parapet wall cracks, settlement of approach slabs. In this study, the causes and countermeasure of lateral movement of abutments were investigated.

In this study, the process for the cause of lateral movement of bridges is suggested. Based on the monitoring of shoe and pier movement, the lateral movement of birdges is studied. As a result, the process is applicable for the small lateral movement of the bridges.

In this study, lateral movement of 78 single-span bridge abutment was investigated. The result showed that the movements were commonly within the range of 10 ~ 30mm. It is recommended that the clearance between the slab and the backwall should be adjusted to accept the movement of the abutment.