The knock-in efficiency is very important to manipulate gene editing in the transgenic domestic animal. Recently, it is reported that transiently loosen nucleosome folding of transcriptionally inactive chromatin might have potential tp enhance the homologouse recombination efficiency. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from an amino acid on a histone. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. In this study, Mac-T cell were treated with 10uM VPA (valproic acid, HDAC inhibitor) for 24 h and transfected with Knock-in vector and TALEN at targeting of β-casein gene. After 3 day of transfection, knock-in efficiency was confirmed by PCR. The level of HDAC2 protein in Mac-T cells was decreased by VPA treatment. The knock-in efficiency in the Mac-T cell with treated HDAC inhibitor was higher than cell not treated HDAC inhibitor. These results indicated that chromatin modification by HDAC inhibitor enhances homologous recombination efficiency in the Mac-T cell.

MAC-T cells, bovine mammary epithelial cell line, have been utilized to investigate bovine lactation system. A lactogenic phenotype of the cell is generally induced by combination of dexamethasone, insulin and prolactin (PRL). Effect of vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA), well reported as an inducer for differentiation in many cells, to MAC-T cell has not been studied. The objective of this study was to confirm effect of differentiation potential by RA treatment in MAC-T cells and to test effect of combination of RA and PRL treatment. In RA or PRL treatment groups, both has induced morphological change to secrete milk of MAC-T cells. Combination of RA and PRL treatment group has presented noticeable lactogenic phenotype among the all group. This phenotype observed at four days after treatment and showed critical morphological change that was rouphly spherical structure at eight days. RA alone treatment showed slightly inhibition of proliferation in the MAC-T cells, but co-treatment with PRL was improved the cell growth more than control group. MTT assay result and Bcl-xL/Bax ratio of mRNA abundance also was entirely consistent with earlier one. RA-induced differentiation of MAC-T cells has increased αs1-casein, αs2-casein and β-casein mRNA expression compared to PRL treatment group. Expression of αs1-casein, αs2-casein and β-casein genes represented the maximum value in the combination of RA and PRL treatment group at four days. The value of each casein gene expression was 4-, 5.5- and 5.9-fold, respectively, as compared with PRL alone treatment in the MAC-T cells. Protein level of β-casein releasing to the medium also induced the highest level at four days. These results provide evidence that RA can induce the differentiation of MAC-T cells and have synergetic effect with PRL.

A taxonomic review of the genera Serica Mac Leay and Nipponoserica Nomura belonging to the subfamily Sericinae in Korea is presented. As a result, four species of the genus Serica induding two new species, S. hirsuta sp. nov. and S. lutea sp. nov., and two species of the genus Nipponoserica including one new species, N. opacicarina sp. nov. are considered to distribute in the Korean peninsula. The keys to the species, descriptions of the three new species and illustrations of adult's morphological characteristics and aedeagi are provided.

Purpose: The purpose of this study were the evaluation and effects of mindfulness· acceptance, commitment(MAC) approach on psychological flexibility and golf performance in elite golfer. Methods: The participants of this study was the three golfers registered by KLPGA. All of golfers received the same measures given at pre- and post-7 treatment : Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-16(AAQ-16: Bond et al 2000), golf performance (scores average, putting average, birdies average, GIR %, par save% par break%, recover average). MAC strategies of this study were mindfulness, acceptance, defusion, commitment, and value. Results: during 7 treatments of mindfulness⋅acceptance commitment, acceptance & action (psychological flexibility) and golf performance of three golfers was improved. Conclusion: MAC training is evaluated to contribute to improve the psychological flexibility and golf performance. Therefore, it is necessary to experience the MAC training for the psychological stability and continuous performance improvement of the golf players. In particular, it is recommended to learn psychological flexibility to focus on current awareness, non-judgmental acceptance, decentralized attention of mindfulness, and commitment for value behavior. The details of the results are discussed.

본 연구는 운동선수를 대상으로 통제와 조절원리에 근거한 PST와 수용원리 중심의 마음챙김·수용전념 접근의 효과를 비교분석하여 PST의 한계를 탐색하고 심리지원 프로그램(MAC 전략)의 효과를 검증하는데 연구목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 각 종목별 협회에 등록(2011, 11월 현재)되어 있는 고등부 남자 운동선수(양궁; 13명, 사격; 13명) 총 26명이었다. 측정내용은 집단별 훈련 전, 후 심리기술, 마음챙김 수준, 수용·행동수준, 지각된 수행력에 대한 차이를 알아보기 위하여 세 집단간 반복측정분산분석(repeated measure ANOVA)을 하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 심리기술 중 심상, 성취력, 각성은 집단 간에 차이가 없었고, 주의력은 심리기술훈련 집단과 마음챙김·수용전념 집단이 통제집단에 비해 높았다. 자신감은 마음챙김·수용전념 집단, 심리기술훈련 집단, 통제 집단 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 마음챙김 하위요인 중 현재자각, 비판단적 수용, 탈 중심화 주의는 집단 간에 차이가 없었고, 주의집중은 마음챙김·수용전념 집단이 심리기술훈련 집단, 통제 집단에 비해 높게 나타났다. 아울러 선수들의 수용행동 수준은 마음챙김·수용전념 집단이 심리기술훈련 집단과 통제 집단에 비해 높게 나타난 결과를 보였다. 또한, 지각된 수행수준은 집단 간에 통계적인 차이는 없었으나 마음챙김·수용전념집단과 심리기술훈련 집단이 통제 집단에 비해 훈련참여 후 지각된 수행이 다소 높게 나타났다. 결과에 대한 세부 내용이 논의되었다.