Artificial insemination technique has been contributed immensely for production of livestock worldwide as a critical assisted reproductive technique to preserve and propagate excellent genes in domestic animal industry. In the past decade, methods for semen preservation have been improved mostly in liquid preservation method for boar semen and freezing method for bull semen. Among many factors affecting semen quality during preservation, reactive oxy-gen species, produced by aerobic respiration in sperm for survival and motility, are unfavorable to sperm physiology. In mammalian cell as well as in the sperm, antioxidant system plays a role in degradation of reactive oxygen species. Magnetized water forms smaller stabilizing water clusters, resulting in high absorption and permeability of the cell for water, implicating its application for semen preservation. Therefore, this review focuses on preservation methods of boar and bull semen with respect to improvement of extender and reduction of reactive oxygen species by using magnetized water and supplementation of antioxidants.

The purpose of this study was to improve the frozen-thawed sperm of Korean Native Cattle using magnetized water. The semen was collected by artificial vagina. Before cryopreservation, Triladyl was flowed through magnet [0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Gauss (G)] for 5min. The semen was diluted to magnetized Triladyl with 20% egg-yolk for freezing. The diluted semen was placed in 0.5ml straws, and freezing process was exposed on ‒120℃ for 10min. Diluted sperm was stored into LN2. Analysis of frozen- thawed sperm was estimated of viability with SYBR14/PI stain, and membrane intact with hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST). The mitochondrial function analysis was conducted by staining with Rhodamin 123 by flow cytometry and was analyzed histogram. The intensity of acrosome damage was analyzed using FITC-PNA stain by flow cytometry. Analysis of rhodamin 123 and FITC-PNA stain were used mitochondria and acrosome membrane intact. As a results, sperm viability was significantly higher in 4000G (76.0±1.2%) group than other groups (p<0.05). However, HOST was significantly higher in 4000 (37.7±0.6%) and 6000G (35.0±1.1%) than 0 (30.3±0.9%) and 2000G (30.7±0.5%) (p<0.05). In addition, mitochondria membrane and acrosome damage were significantly lower in 6000G (1.40±0.08% and 26.7±2.9%) group than other groups (p<0.05). In conclusion we suggest that magnetized water could improve the ability of sperm on cryopreservation of korean native cattle. * This work was supported by Grant No. PJ 907008 from Rural development administration (RDA).

The purpose of this study was to improve of frozen-thawed sperm using magnetized water in Korean native cattle. Before cryopreservation, without egg-yolk Triladyl® solution was flowed though magnet [0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Gauss(G)] for 5 min. The freezing of dilluted semen added with Triladyl containing 20% egg-yolk. Analysis of frozen-thawed sperm was estimated viability with SYBR14/PI double stain, membrane intact with hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), acrosome reaction with FITC-PNA, mitochondria membrane function with Rhodamin 123 by flow- cytometry. Sperm viability was significantly higher in 4000G group than other groups (p<0.05). However, the Hypoosmotic Swelling Test(HOST) was significantly higher in fresh, 4000 and 6000G than 0 and 2000G (p<0.05). In addition, mitochondria membrane damage and acrosome damage were significantly lower in 6000G group than other groups (p<0.05). in conclusion we suggest that magnetized water could be improve ability of sperm on cryopreservation in Korean native cattle.

In order to investigate the effects of magnetized water treated with HI-Scalper153R on body performance and ammonia concentration in feces of broiler chicks, a feeding trial was conducted with a total of 180 broiler chicks. Each treatment had 18 chicks with 5 replications. Chicks during experimental periods, broiler chicks were fed magnetized water and subterranean water, respectively. The results obtained summarized as follows: Body weight gain slightly increased for broiler chicks fed magnetized water compared with control. But, there is no significantly (p=0.36) different among treatments. Feed intake significantly (p=0.046) decreased for broiler chicks fed magnetized water compared with control. Feed efficiency was significantly (p=0.020) improved for broiler chicks fed magnetized water of each periods when compare to the control. Especially, in starter periods, the feed efficiency of magnetized water treatment increased by 10% more than control (1.80 vs 1.69). In feces, average ammonia concentration (ppm) significantly (p=0.004) decreased in the magnetized water treatment compare to control. Especially, the magnetized water treatment decreased by 2.2 times compared to the control in ammonia concentration of feces (83 vs 37ppm).

일정세기 이상의 자력을 통과한 물(자화수)을 이용하여 벼 callus 유기 및 식물체 재분화 효율을 높이고자 팔공벼를 대상으로 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 callus 유기효율은 자화수 처리한 도체, 액체배지에서 공히 이온수 처리보다 상대적으로 각각 30%, 16% 높았으며 절대빈도에서도 고체, 액체배지 각각 27.3%, 15.4%를 나타내어 일반적인 증류수 이용배지보다 대체로 높은 경향이었다 2. 식물체 재분화 효율에서도 자화수 처리한 고체배지에서 44.7%로 이온수 처리의 39.3%보다 5.4%높았으나, 액체배지의 경우 오히려 이온수의 재분화율이 다소 높았으나 유의성은 없었다. 3. 재분화된 식물체의 초기생육을 조사한 결과 자화수 처리가 이온수 처리보다 3일 후 50%, 7일 후 36%의 신장효과가 있었다. 4. 배지내 용존산소량을 측정한 결과, 자화수처리 배지에서 배양전 5.64ppm으로 이온수처리 배지보다 용존산소량이 18.9% 높았으나 배양 4 주후에는 자화수 및 이온수 처리 배지 각각 4.55ppm, 4.45ppm으로 비슷하였다. 5. 배지의 온도별 pH 변화를 조사한 결과 자화수 처리 배지의 pH가 이온수처리 pH보다 0.10～0.30정도 높았다. 6. 따라서 벼 ⇒allus 유기 및 식물체 재분화 효율을 높이는데 700 Gauss의 자력을 통과한 물(자화수)의 처리가 이온수 처리 보다 효과적이었으며 앞으로 좀더 정밀한 기초연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.