Protecting and preserving the natural and environmental treasures of Jeju Island is, eventually, the collective responsibility of the people of Jeju, all levels of the government, corporate and the environmental NGO sectors. Jeju Island has a vibrant environmental NGO sector with about 80 NGOs providing a variety of active environmental services. All efforts and services to conserve the environment of Jeju Island for the benefits of future generations need to be galvanized within the overarching environmental governance where all three sectors actively participate and make collective decisions within the three key elements of sustainable development: people, planet & profit. The key ingredient for promoting networking and collaborative opportunities between environmental NGOs, government entities and corporations is to improve their trust on one another. Given the current status of environmental NGOs - governments - corporations relations, it will take time to develop such trust, but if small measures are undertaken, mutual understanding & respect between the leaders of NGOs, government and corporations will grow and eventually result in mutual trust.

Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), as major actors of the civil society, play a vital role in promoting conservation of natural resources, environmental protection, sustainable development, and environmental justice. While their location, size, organizational forms, scope, and impacts can vary widely, all of them operate towards the same mission of protecting the environment from degradation due to industrialization, uncontrolled development, depletion of bio-diversity, and over consumption of natural resources. Although environmental conservation has been a part of civil society involvement throughout history, environmental NGOs have emerged as a major sub-sector of the NGO sector during the past three decades. Their impacts are among the most visible contributions to humanity by the global NGO sector.

Global climate change has become a major issue which affects the humanity and nature around the world. Caused primarily by human actions of unabated greenhouse gas emission and deforestation, the destructive effects of climate change have become more frequent and intense during the past decades. As climate change is a global problem, addressing its causes and consequences also requires global responses. While climate change is caused by people from various parts of the world, its impacts disproportionately affect people in coastal regions and islands around the world, and marginalized poor communities in developing countries. Everyone in the planet has a role in addressing climate change, but governments, non governmental organizations (NGOs,), and corporations have broader roles and responsibilities. Due to their mission alignments to protect the environment and conserve nature, environmental NGOs play several vital roles in the fightagainst climate change. Environmental NGOs and international NGOs are in a unique position to respond, and to facilitate the involvement of other sectors in mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change. This article discusses some of the roles and responsibilities of NGOs in addressing climate change.

Many international judicial bodies have prescribed the procedures allowing NGOs to participate in the proceedings generally as non-parties as amicus curiae, expert or witness for the purpose of the good administration of justice. These possibilities are well developed in judicial bodies where the nature of proceedings concerns the issues that international law recognizes as the collective interests of the international community. In the International Court of Justice, on the contrary, NGOs do not have such possibility to make contributions as they have done in other international judicial bodies. The development of the elaboration of the texts on the Court proceedings and the restrictive interpretation of these texts reflect the restrictive approach of the Court towards NGOs’participation. The Court should offer the scope to access NGOs since they have legitimate right to represent the views of international civil society in an international democratic process and can contribute to assist the Court to protect the collective interest of the international community.

The article deals with the roles of Chinese Christian NGOs for social service and the implications for North Korea. The article consists of 4 parts: Chinese NGOs and the roles for social service, possibility of Chinese Christian NGOs for social service, the implications for North Korea, and missionary tasks of Korean Churches for both China and North Korea. The first part discusses necessity of NGOs for social service in China which has been in sufferings such as gap of the rich and the poor, and unemployment due to the economic reform policies of China. The reform policy motivated to establish many kinds of NGOs in Chinese civil society. Under the socialist political rule Chinese NGOs are characterized with the supplementary roles for Chinese authority or mediation roles between the authority and people. The second part analyzes the Chinese Christian NGOs and their social roles. Under the religious policies of the Chinese regime, the history and theology of the three-self church and so-called the home-based church are described. Their social roles are analyzed in the perspective of NPO which is existed for public service. Particularly the activities of the Amity Foundation, an excellent Christian NGO in China are emphasized. The third part describes some possibilities of Christian NGOs for social service in North Korea which has just started to exercise the economic reform policy. During implementing the policy most of North Korean people have been suffered from social problems such as gap between the rich and the poor. NGOs can contribute to relieve North Korean from social poverty. Also the society needs some Christian NGOs. In conclusion the article suggests two tasks to the Korean Churches in the perspective of NGO. First, the Churches are asked to support to establish Christian NGOs in North Korea such as the Amity Foundation in China. Second, the Churches should reflect their mission policies for China which emphasized on conversion and church planting. Instead the Churches are asked to support to develop Christian NGOs in China.