The sea between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago is mainly called “Sea of Japan” in the international society. Concerning this, two Koreas have raised complaint under the rationale of the historical background and the international norms. The complaint of the Korean people concerning the naming issue most deeply lies in the fact that the name “Sea of Japan” which is “favorable” to Japan has been used as the (sole) official international name, whereas the name “East Sea” which is “favorable” to Korea has not been adopted even as the second official international name, regardless of its exact historical background. In the naming dispute like this, the best solution is to create a neutral single name through negotiations by the countries concerned. In case the countries concerned fail to create a neutral single name, the second-best solution is to use multiple names. From this kind of viewpoint, concerning the naming dispute, this article requests three countries, Japan, South Korea and North Korea, to negotiate to create a neutral single name.

The karyotype of Korean short-hair cat was presented using the G-, C- and NOR- banding techniques. For chromosomes preparation, the fetus skin fibroblast cells were cultured and metaphases were obtained. In results, the Korean short-hair cat had 38 chromosomes with XX or XY, which consisted of 5 pairs of metacentric chromosomes(Group A and C), 3 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes (Group B), 6 pairs of medium metacentric chromosomes except for 1 pair of medium submetacentric D2 chromosomes (Group D, E), 2 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes(Group F) and metacentric X and Y sex chromosomes. In G-banding analysis, the Korean short-hair cat exhibited a typical and identical G-banding pattern in each homologous chromosome. Total number of bands and landmarks on the G-banded chromosomes of Korean short-hair cat well correspond to those of international standardization of karyotype of domestic cat. The heterochromatins of Korean short-hair cat chromosomes distributed at terminal and/or centromere regions on almost chromosomes by C-banding analysis. In addition, the C-banding pattern showed greatly heteromorphic in some chromosomes. Using the AgNOR-staining, we found the nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) of Korean short-hair cat located at chromosomes 1p12 site in E group. The quantity and number of NORs were constant among cells.

The antioxidative, radical scavenging and cyto-protective effects of Cassia torn L. seeds and it major component, nor-rubrofusarin-6-β-D-glucoside (nor-rubrofusarin), were studied to evaluate their inhibitory activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. 70% ethanol extract of Cassia tora L. seeds and nor-rubrofusarin also were tested for the evaluation of anticlastogenicity against mitomycin C-induced micronucleated reticulocytes in mouse peripheral blood. The extract of Cassia tora seeds and nor-rubrofusarin showed an antioxidative effect on the lipid peroxidation of ethyl linoleate with Fenton's reagent and free radical scavenging effect to DPPH radical generation, respectively. They showed a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in CHL cells. The extract of Cassia tora L. seeds and nor-rubrofusarin showed a strong anticlastogenicity against mitomycin C-induced micronuclei formation. Results from our study indicate that the extract of Cassia tora L. seeds and nor-rubrofusarin are capable of protecting the lipid peroxidation, free radical generation and cytotoxicity induced by reactive oxygen species. They also have an anticlastogenicity toward DNA crosslinking agent like mitomycin C.

This paper examines the validity of the two claims advocated in Chomsky (2014) and address some inconsistencies in these claims. One claim concerns the proposed unification of the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) and the Empty Category Principle (ECP) under the labeling theory Chomsky advances in the paper. This paper shows that the EPP and the ECP are not in fact given a unified account under labeling theory as proposed but rather they are still approached by the two independent principles, i.e. the EPP by labeling and the ECP by the Phase Impenetrability Condition. The other claim that this paper investigates is on the proposal that the operation Merge can apply freely in relation to other operations in the syntax. This paper shows that at least in certain cases, the timing of the application of Merge cannot be free but should instead be constrained, especially in relation to the operation of Labeling Algorithm.