The call and the need for reparations grows out of some of the worst abuses humans have inflicted upon one another. In the aftermath of past atrocities, societies often grapple to understand their identity. They routinely struggle to reconcile their contemporary moral standing with their past actions. Pressure from internal and external groups often force governments to publicly denounce past injustices and mistreatment to establish or sustain political legitimacy. Pursuing this brings them squarely into the world of reconciliation and redress. In less than a century, countries on every continent have confronted this issue. Their approaches and outcomes have varied just as widely but lessons from their experience should guide ongoing and future efforts to achieve success.

After the conflict, war or hostilities there is an urgent need to rebuild the society for sustainable peace and prosperity. There is need to work for positive peace by removing all sorts of cultural and structural violence and injustices. As such, positive peace paves way to true reconciliation, justice, healing of both victims and society members and if possible forgiveness. Even when there is no longer conflict, leaders in a society should never lose focus on attending to the victims who suffered during the conflict. Constant peacebuilding and peacemaking should be done in societies that suffered conflict. As we will see in the article, Gacaca and Bulteok experiences are examples of approaches that have helped Rwanda and Jeju Island respectively in their quest for lasting peace and a just society. This article aims at explaining peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding approaches and how they are used by individuals, nations, and organizations to build peaceful societies. The article will give a realist critique of these approaches.

The sea between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago is mainly called “Sea of Japan” in the international society. Concerning this, two Koreas have raised complaint under the rationale of the historical background and the international norms. The complaint of the Korean people concerning the naming issue most deeply lies in the fact that the name “Sea of Japan” which is “favorable” to Japan has been used as the (sole) official international name, whereas the name “East Sea” which is “favorable” to Korea has not been adopted even as the second official international name, regardless of its exact historical background. In the naming dispute like this, the best solution is to create a neutral single name through negotiations by the countries concerned. In case the countries concerned fail to create a neutral single name, the second-best solution is to use multiple names. From this kind of viewpoint, concerning the naming dispute, this article requests three countries, Japan, South Korea and North Korea, to negotiate to create a neutral single name.

Gangjeong Village where Jeju's naval base was built, it has been so beautiful and prosperous that it was called Jeju Island's 'Jeil Gangjeong'. The relationship among Dongseonyeok Jip and U-alnyonk-Jip(It means neighborhood in Jeju dialect), Gapjang (It means same age friends), Guendang(It means kin) and relatives, alumni and older alumni or junior become estranged. Now, Gangjeong Village is in its biggest crisis since it was founded. Gangjeong is a national treasure protection zone designated as natural monument No.442, designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve area, The nearby area is designated as the Marine Conservation Zone designated by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and Jeju Provincial Marine Park, and Gurumbi is ecologically excellent, designated as the absolute conservation zone and the absolute conservation coast of Jeju Island. So, it was designated as a fishing village experience town in 2004 and a superior natural ecology town in 2006. However, in 2007, the village president and several others ignored the procedures and decided to run the village as a candidate for the naval base. The navy and then the governor of Jeju Island accepted the decision and chose it as the site for the naval base. In February 2016, Jeju naval base was completed despite protests from residents of Gangjeong Village, numerous residents of the island, and the public. Gangjeong Village was chosen as the site of a naval base in April 2007 when 87 among 1,200 voters decided to attend an extraordinary general meeting. In response, a counterproposal committee was set up in the village, and on August 10, 2007, the former village president who led the bid for the naval base was dismissed at an extraordinary general assembly, and a new village president was elected. And on August 20 of that year, 94 percent of the absolute majority at the town assembly with 725 members opposed the construction of a naval base.

Special law on the development of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province and the formation of Jeju International Free City is the basic law that regulates the order of Jeju society. However, with Jeju Special Law considered to be the development law, criticism has been raised on what was the purpose of the Special Self-Governing Province. Efforts are also being made to reflect the position of Jeju in the constitution in 2018, but it is not easy to drop the label of development-oriented laws again if the actual direction of special laws on Jeju is not established properly. The wrong meeting between Jeju's special autonomous province and the international free city has led to criticism on various issues, such as reckless development, environmental degradation, and the rise of land prices and damage to residents.

According to a recent survey of the stress recognition levels felt by teenagers, 34.9% experienced ' sad or frustrated ' levels with their daily lives being disrupted by more than two weeks in a row and it turned out that the older you are, the higher your stress perception levels are.(청소년백서, 2014). Jeju Island has eight regular high schools (27%) among 30 schools. Middle school students in Jeju are experiencing relatively high admission stress compared to other regions in order to enter regular high schools in the level equalization zone. High school students are also experiencing a higher level of academic awareness in college admissions by the academic reports, adding to the academic stress. Appropriate stress for adolescents provides new stimuli, gives motivation and energy, and can lead to the rehabilitation of learning, however, stress builds up when they are unable to deal with it on their own, leading to experiences of physical and psychological maladaptation as well as drug abuse, delinquency, maladjustment, school violence and suspension.