비고츠스키(Vygosky)의 사회문화 이론은 특히 제2외국어 학습에 있어서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 학생들은 협동적인 학습 활동을 하면서 영어를 더 잘 배우고 성장하며 발전한다. 게다가 쓰기단계는 사회적 상호작용을 통해 복잡한 인식과정을 거쳐 향상되고 발전한다. 본 논문은 쓰기 수업을 하는 학생들로부터 피드백을 도출하기 위해 구글 독스(Google Docs)를 이용하여 사회문화이론이 쓰기수업에 어떻게 적용되었는지를 설명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 한국 모 대학의 영어수업에서 진행되었고, 참가자는 영어교육과 학생 11명이다. 연구자는 반성적 실천(Reflective Practice), 비계설정(Scaffolding), 동료 피드백 촉진(Peer Feedback Facilitation) 등의 과정을 통해 강사가 학생들이 한 문장에서 시작하여 단락까지 씀으로써 결국은 영어로 에세이를 쓸 수 있게 효과적으로 준비할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 다섯 단락 정도의 에세이를 쓸 수 있을 만큼 학생들의 작문실 력은 향상되었고, 격려를 통해 서로 성장하고 발전할 수 있었다. 또한 이 과정에서 학생들의 사회적 기술과 공감능력이 향상되었고 수업 분위기도 개선되었다. 이러한 기술적인 동료 피드백은 동기부여를 위한 효율적인 방식이며, 학생들에게는 영어쓰기학습에서 자신감을 주는 것으로 나타난다. 사회문화이론의 적용을 통해 학생들은 제2외국어에 대한 지식을 습득 하고 더 발전시킬 수 있으며, 낮은 단계의 이해에서 더 높은 수준의 지식 으로 나아가게 하는 상호작용의 시너지를 만들어 낸다.

This study examines what role English writing instructors need to play in peer revision activities. Students participating in the study were asked to go through multiple draft writing process in which they wrote three drafts on each writing assignment and review their peers’ essays in both a written comment sheet and an oral discussion. Overall, the results show that the peer comments played little role in improving the students’ essays from the first to second drafts. However, great improvement is observed from the second to final drafts. Specifically, little effect of the feedback on the improvement of non-linguistic features of the essays is identified. Regarding the linguistic features, improvement was made from the second to final drafts. However, it is achieved by both the peer and teacher comments. Therefore, it is concluded in the study that the teacher comments played a role in helping the students produce the linguistically improved final drafts. The study recommends the instructor’s explicit, detailed feedback to the errors caused from students’ insufficient writing and English competence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of debriefing learning using peer feedback after blood transfusion nursing simulation practice. Methods: This study is a mixed method research to investigate the effect of debriefing using peer feedback on learning. The subjects of this study were third-year nursing students, and 23 of them were allocated to the control group and 19 to the experimental group. The experimental treatment was performed for about three hours, and the debriefing using peer feedback was not performed with the control group. The effect of the debriefing was measured in terms of the knowledge, attitude, and confidence in the performance with regard to blood transfusion nursing. The qualitative data about cognitive learning experience during the debriefing were analyzed. The quantitative data were analyzed by a t-test, a x² test, and a paired t-test by using IBM Statistics SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The results showed that the knowledge was significantly increased in both the control group and the experimental group (paired t=-6.411, p<.001; paired t=-5.759, p<.001), that the attitude toward the blood transfusion nursing was not significantly changed in both groups (paired t=-0.639, p=.530; paired t=-0.631, p=.536), and that the confidence in the performance was significantly increased in both groups (paired t=-5.124, p<.001; paired t=-4.747, p<.001). The qualitative data analysis of the cognitive learning experience during the debriefing showed that the content was divided into four subjects: “My errors are clearly seen as I reflect on myself,” “I can understand how to say and perform,” “I could make the knowledge my own by reviewing what I have done,” and “I could have see the big picture of nursing skills.” Conclusion:. The results of this study showed that the debriefing using peer feedback after the simulation had the learning effects of repeated learning and experiential learning of specific nursing skill, indicating that it is a useful education tool in nursing education.

This study examined the effects of peer feedback combined with teacher feedback on L2 writing. From a review of related studies, several factors were selected as predictors of L2 writing proficiency: L2 knowledge and composition skills, L2writing anxiety, and metacognitive knowledge on L2 writing. Participants were 75college students, who were randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group. Both groups received teacher feedback, while the experimental group performed peer feedback activities, and the control group did self-reflective revision in addition. Data were collected from teacher and peer feedback, timed writing, an L2writing anxiety survey, and evaluation of a sample essay. A statistical analysis revealed differences between teacher and peer feedback. Peer feedback combined with teacher feedback appeared to be beneficial for increasing L2 knowledge and lowering L2 writing anxiety. In the regression analysis, writing anxiety predicted the level of L2 knowledge and composition skills. Based on the findings, implications for L2 writing class and suggestions for future studies are presented.

Engl ish as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in traditional second language (L2) writing classrooms are not provided sufficient opportunities for giving and receiving peer feedback. To compensate for this limitation, blended learning has been suggested in the L2 writing classroom. However, there has been little research on peer feedback in blended learning in L2 writing. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the patterns of peer feedback and the impact of peer feedback on revisions in blended leaming in L2 writing. The subjects for the qualitative study consisted of three university students, representing low- intermediate, intermediate, and advanced levels of English writing proficiency. Data sources included student-produced feedback in online and offline sessions, 18 drafts in process-oriented writing, classroom observations, and the interview. The major fi ndings of the study are as fo llows. First, the students produced more onl ine peer feedback than offline peer feedback. Second, they provided more fonn-focused feedback in online sessions, but more meaning-focused feedback in offline sessions. Third, they incorporated online peer feedback in their second drafts more than offline peer feedback in the final drafts. Based on the findings, implications are considered and suggestions are made for the effective use of peer feedback in blended learning in L2 writing .

While the professional literature abounds with the values of feedback on L2 language writings, few researchers have investigated the differential effects of types of feedback on the writing improvements in terms of proficiency levels. The purpose of the study was three-fold: to examine (1) the effects of three types of feedback, teacher, peer, and self-review on sixteen Korean college students" writing improvements; (2) the relationships between feedback types and proficiency levels; and (3) students" opinions on the feedback types such as preferences and reasons. The results showed that all types of feedback helped students improve their writings through revisions, but the effects of feedback differ from feedback type to type. The effects of teacher and peer review were significantly beneficial for students" writing, while the self-review was the least effective. In addition, the more advanced writers benefit from the peer or self-review, while the less proficient writers improved their writing from the teacher feedback, even though most of the students prefer the teacher feedback to the other types of feedback, peer and self-review. The theoretical background and pedagogical implications are discussed.