본고는 이동 동사 ‘来/去’의 문법화 양상과 이에 따른 상(相) 의미를 분석했다. ‘来/ 去’는 [VP+来/去]의 연동문을 기반으로 ‘이동’이라는 본 의미에서 방향성, 시간성, 결 과성, 상태 변화 등으로 의미 추상화가 진행되었고, 이에 따라 [완결], [계속]과 같은 상(相) 의미를 획득하였다. 또한, 명·청 시기까지 문장 끝에 위치하여 사건의 발생, 변화를 나타내는 “사태조사(事态助词)”로 사용되었는데, 이는 현대 중국어 문미 ‘了’ 와 유사한 성분으로 발화자의 관점에서 이미 발생한 사건을 관망하는 완료상의 속성 인 “현재 관련성”을 지니고 있다. 본고는 ‘来/去’가 지닌 사태조사로서의 의미 또한 본 의미 ‘이동’에서 시작된 문법화의 산물임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Quda (渠答) is an ancient military literature word, many military books and dictionaries of past dynasties interpreted Quda (渠答) as Tiejili (铁蒺藜). Some scholars have raised objections to this, believing that Quda (渠答) and Tiejili (铁蒺藜) are not the same thing. However, the specific shape of Quda (渠答) has always been controversial. The paper argues that Qu (渠) and Da (答) are two kinds of city guard instruments, Qu (渠) is a large wooden shield, Da (答) is also written Da (荅), which is a protective curtain made with straw and bamboo. Da (答) covers the Qu (渠), so Qu (渠) and Da (答) are often associated, the words Qu (渠) and Da (答) in the literature have evolved into a polysyllabic word, which refers to the facilities of guarding the city against the enemy. Quchan (渠幨) is also written Quzhan (渠譫), Chan (幨) is a protective curtain made of cloth. Quzhan (渠幨) and Quda (渠答) are made of different materials, however, after generalization, the two meanings are close to each other.

All elements evolution of Chinese was very intensive from Han to Tang dynasty. The interruptive interrelationship about the shapes, sounds and semantics of Chinese language and characters could be reconnected through the social material object. Stone inscriptions about ancient China are valuable material for the study of language and culture. Basing on a large amount of stone inscriptions from Han to Tang dynasty, this paper straightened out the development and evolution of “Qu” (去) as preposition in ancient China. We discussed Writing style reflected in epitaphs and the avoidance of word‟s repetition in stone inscription.

Basing on analyzing the linguistic material in Quốc âm thi tập (􀊆􂙌􆜴􅦪 􆘇􀊇) written by Nguyễn Trãi 􆕯􂸍 (1380-1442), this article conducts a research on Chinese-borrowed words in ancient Vietnamese, and develops several concepts to classify Chinese-borrowed words. Due to the author’s viewpoint, ‘Vietnamese Chinese-loaned word’ refers to all Vietnamese words borrowed from Chinese language and Chinese scripts that were used in the 15th century Vietnamese language. This article then argues, the influence of Chinese scripts and language on the 15th century Vietnamese is so strong that it could help to contribute 63.37% rate of the Vietnamese vocabulary.

现代汉语里有很多词汇构成同义或近义关系。本文对动词里具有同义或近义关系的词项进行对比分析而找出它在句法和语义上的规律。本文主要从词义․句法的角度做了对比分析，先从“CCL语料库”里找出一些有关“走”和“去”的例句，然后分析其义素并且探讨它在句法上的分布特征。探讨动词“去”和“走”之后，发现“去”属于二价动词，横跨了起点和终点两个领域，主要是指“施事从所处的地点到达终点”，但意义的重点在于“终点”，而“走”主要是指“施事走动或经过某处”，其意义的重点在于“起点”，正好是跟“去”相对的。