현재 우리나라 청소년들의 사망률에 있어서 자살은 압도적인 수치를 기록하고 있다. 그러나 자살시도는 우발적으로 일어나기보다는 자살생각 의 빈도가 높을수록 자살시도가 많아진다는 것에 주목하였다. 이에 본 연구는 청소년기에 가장 많은 시간을 보내는 학교와 오프라인을 넘어 지 속되는 SNS에서 일어나는 사건에 초점을 맞추어 청소년의 학교생활만족 도와 자살생각의 관계에서 사이버불링 피해 경험의 매개효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 ‘2020 아동·청소년 인권실태조사’에 응 답한 고등학생 2,460명을 대상으로 부트스트랩 검증을 한 결과 첫째, 학 교생활만족도는 사이버불링 피해 경험과 자살생각을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사이버불링 피해 경험은 자살생각을 높이는 것으로 확인 되었다. 마지막으로 학교생활만족도와 자살생각의 관계에서 사이버불링 피해 경험은 부(-)의 방향에서 부분매개하였다. 이러한 결과는 학교생활 만족도가 사이버불링 피해 경험을 감소시킨 뒤 차례로 자살생각을 낮추 는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 즉, 자살생각을 감소시키기 위해서는 사이버불링 의 피해를 낮추는 것과 동시에 학교생활만족도를 높이기 위한 접근이 필 요하다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 후속연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

이 연구는 학교 내 집단 괴롭힘에 관한 구조적 분석을 하여, 학교가 집단 괴롭힘의 중요한 변수이자 그 발생과 지속성의 핵심 원인이라는 것을 증명하고자 하였다. 2011년 대구의 중학생 자살 사건 이후, 정부와 학계는 종합대책을 수립하고, 학교의 집단 괴롭힘 방지를 위한 많은 노력을 하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 학교에서의 집단 괴롭힘 방지에는 별 효과가 없었다. 그 이유는 학교를 연구의 대상에서 제외하고, 학생들 간의 관계에서만 원인과 결과를 찾으려 했기 때문이었다. 본 연구는 학교의 집단 괴롭힘 방지를 위해 사회철학적 연구방법과 해석학적 접근을 통한 구조적 분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 학교라는 제도가 원래의 의도와는 다르게 변질되었음을 밝혔다. 또한 교실 내에서도 학생들 간의 구조적 관계로 인하여 그들만의 사회와 질서가 생김이 집단 괴롭힘의 원인임을 밝혔다. 이로 인해 학교에서 자연스럽게 집단 괴롭힘이 발생함을 논술하였다. 본 연구에서는 집단 괴롭힘 방지를 위해 학교의 지위에 관한 구조의 해체와 교실 내의 관계 해체에 대한 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 학교가 미래 학생들의 배움 실현을 도와줄 수 있는 기관으로 개조해야함을 제시하였다.

학교는 미래 사회를 책임질 학생들이 가정만큼이나 많은 시간을 보내는 장소이다. 학교는 아동과 청소년들이 신체적·정신적으 로 안전하고 행복하게 생활할 수 있는 공간이어야 한다. 하지만 학교폭력 문제는 학교를 안전한 공간으로 지켜가는 과정에서 가장 큰 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 학교폭력으로부터 학생들을 보호하는 것은 학교와 사회가 가장 우선시해야 할 과제이다. 이 연구는 대전광역시를 사례로 학교폭력의 특성과 공간분포패턴 변화를 분석하였다. 첫째, 대전광역시 학교폭력의 요인별 특성을 살펴보았다. 중학교에서 가장 학교폭력이 많았으며, 여학생보다는 남학생의 학교폭력이 많았고, 폭행이 전체 학교폭력의 절반 이상을 차지하였으며, 사이버 폭력이 증가 추세에 있었다. 둘째, 대전광역시 학교폭력은 특정 학교와 행정동에 공간적으로 군집·격리되는 특징을 보였다. 이 연구는 도시의 공간적 특성을 반영한 학교 CPTED의 개발 및 적용이 중요함을 시사한다.

Bullying among secondary school students has become one of the most disturbing issues in Nigeria. A variety of bullying behaviour abounds with their attendant negative consequences. This study investigated students’ attitudes towards bullying, environments in which bullying takes place and the extent of their involvement in bullying behaviours. The sample comprised 592 senior secondary students in Owerri metropolis who completed the Attitude to Bullying Rating Scale (ABRS), Checklist on Environments of Bullying (CEB), and Involvement in Bullying Rating Scale (IBRS). The findings indicate that a majority of students (67.57%) exhibited an inappropriate attitude toward bullying. Bullying was found to be prevalent among senior secondary school students in Owerri. Of the total number of students, 57.43% were involved as victims, 68.92% were involved as bullies, while 74.66% were involved as bystanders On the nature of bullying, social bullying ranked highest (82.94%), followed by physical bullying (81.1%) and verbal bullying (64%). With regards to the environments where bullying occurs, the study found that bullying can take place anywhere in the school and outside the school, however, the prominent places include the classroom (without the teacher), school play grounds, corridors, toilet ends, school canteens and on the way home. While a greater number of the male students were involved in physical bullying, more females were involved in verbal bullying. It is recommended that anti-bullying campaign be mounted in the secondary schools.

In this study, causes and consequences of bullying were explored, focusing on victim personality and appearance factors. The research model included the relationships among bullying, important causes of bullying (aggression, cleanliness, and obesity of victims) and consequences of bullying (self-esteem and depression) and was tested through survey data from 594 (194 male and 404 female) middle school students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis with SPSS and AMOS. In the results of the model tests, victims who are more aggressive, less clean, and more overweight are more likely to be bullied. In addition, adolescents bullied by others tend to have lower self-esteem and more depression. Furthermore, the model comparison was assessed by gender and a difference between the two gender models was found. In the check of critical ratio for difference, it was concluded that the cleanliness of the victim is a more important cause of bullying for male adolescents than for female adolescents. It is meaningful to confirm the effects of the victim’s appearance factors on bullying in the literature focusing on personality issues of victims. Educators and counselors may refer to the findings in developing counseling guidelines and manuals to prevent bullying in school.

The topic of school bullying has been seriously reported and discussed in Korea from the mid-1990s, with the several suicidal cases of bullying victims were reported. Korean government has dealt systematically with the problem of school violence and bullying, and established a series of corresponding system that covers prevention, reporting, and follow-up of a school violence act. This study purports to review the development of Korea's school anti-bullying policies and investigate their limitations as a process evaluation. After the School Violence Act was enacted in 2004, several countermeasures has been arranged systematically. The legislation stipulated that victims must report their cases to the school authorities or the police, and school districts are mandated to organize an Autonomous School Violence Solution Committee. The 117 School Violence Report Center was enlarged and School Police Officer program was adopted. The prevalence rate of school violence in Korea had been decreased after 2012. It can be said that the overall occurrence of school violence have reduced but school violence still occurs among a significant portion of students. Even if visible incidence of school violence has decreased, not only the emergence of new types of school violence but also the invisibility and severity of school violence can be strengthened. And in dealing with the school violence cases, the ambiguity of the criteria on the identification of school violence and bullying and arbitrariness of decision making process can be problematized. The judgments on punishment should be made in precluding the arbitrariness of individuals as much as possible and in accordance with the unified detailed instructions. In order to execute the anti-bullying policy more effectively, there is a need to pay attention to the problems that appeared in its policy implementation processes.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of physical self-efficacy of adolescents who joined a school sports club on school violence bullying behaviors. For this purpose, the subjects in this study were 276 students in junior high schools and 154 students in high schools located in Cheonan-si and Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do in 2013. Questionnaires on physical self-efficacy factors used in studies by Moon Jin (2008), Seo Cha-Won (2012) and Park Yoon-Kee (2013) and on school violence bullying behavior factors by Do Gie-Bong (2007), Park Jae-Suk (2008), Kim Min-Jeong (2010) and Lee Se-Mi (2013) were used as a research tool with the addition of modification and supplement after verifying the suitability of the component content and items according to expert advice for the purposes of this study. The collected data were computerized using SPSS Statistics were analyzed by applying a descriptive statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis for analytical purposes. The following results were obtained: First, this study examined differences in the physical self-efficacy according to the demographic characteristics. In gender, female students showed a significantly higher physical self-presentation confidence, a sub-factor of the physical self-efficacy, than male students. However, there was no significant difference in perceived physical ability, another sub-factor. In school level, the junior high schools showed higher perceived physical ability and physical self-presentation confidence than the high schools, but they were not statistically significant. Both in perceived physical ability and physical self-presentation confidence, the physical self-efficacy according to the type of sports club was high in individual, interpersonal and group exercises, in descending order, but they were not statistically significant. Both in perceived physical ability and physical self-presentation confidence, the physical self-efficacy according to the physical education grade was high in lower, middle and upper classes, in descending order, but they were not statistically significant. Second, this study examined differences in the school violence bullying behaviors according to the demographic characteristics. In gender, male students showed a higher harassment, verbal-psychological abuse, and bullying, sub-factors of the school violence bullying behaviors. In particular, there were significant differences in the verbal-psychological abuse. In school level, the high schools showed higher harassment and verbal-psychological abuse than the junior high schools as a difference in other school violence bullying behaviors, but they were not statistically significant. The junior high schools showed higher harassment than the high schools, but this was also not statistically significant. Both in the harassment and verbal-psychological abuse, the differences in the school violence bullying behaviors according to the type of sports club were high in individual, interpersonal and group exercises, in descending order, but all of them were not statistically significant. In the harassment, the differences in the school violence bullying behaviors were high in upper, lower and middle classes, in descending order. In the verbal-psychological abuse, the differences in the school violence bullying behaviors were high in middle class and showed the same value in upper and lower classes, but all of them were not statistically significant. Third, this study examined the effects of the adolescent physical self-efficacy on the school violence bullying behaviors. The results showed that the physical self-representation confidence a sub-factor of the physical self-efficacy had a statistically significant effect on the harassment verbal-psychological abuse and bullying. Although the perceived physical ability as another factor had a significant effect on the harassment verbal-psychological abuse and bullying, it was not statistically significant. Based on the above conclusions, the gender showed significant differences in the adolescent physical self-efficacy and school violence bullying behaviors, and the school violence bullying behaviors also increased in the proportion of the physical self-presentation confidence, a sub-factor of the physical self-efficacy. It is considered that this has caused an unexpected negative result the school violence bullying behaviors due to the absence of the system that students can positively release their passionate energy in the current school system. Therefore, it is considered that schools and related organizations should make efforts from various perspectives so that adolescent passion strength and energy from the physical self-efficacy can be released not in the school violence bullying behaviors but in healthy and desirable physical activities and sports participation as a method to reduce the school violence bullying behaviors of adolescent students with high physical self-efficacy.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 체육 시간에 일어나는 따돌림 현상을 근거이론의 구조에 맞추어 인과적 조건, 맥락적 조건, 중재적 조건, 작용/상호작용 전략, 그리고 결과를 아우르는 일련의 종합적인 상황을 통해서 체육 시간에 일어 나는 학교폭력의 양상이 피해 학생과 가해 학생의 관점에서 어떠한지를 살펴보는 데 있다. 방법: 피해 학생으로는 서울, 경기, 인천, 강원 지역의 19명의 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생이 참여하였고 가해 학생의 입장은 체육 시간에 학교폭력 가해 학생을 지도해본 경험이 있는 15명의 교사가 연구에 참여하여 개별 면담, 집단 초점 면담, 개인일지를 통해 자료가 수집되었다. 결과: 피해 학생들은 친구들로부터 지속적인 배제 및 공격을 당했고, 이로 인한 많은 고통을 당했으며, 주위로부터 무관심과 적대감이 있었고, 그 결과 감정표출이 어렵고, 피해에 대한 외상적 반응을 보여 자존감이 파괴되고 피해 경험이 확대되었다. 한편 가해 학생들은 과거에도 가해 경험이 있었고, 화가 나있고 장래에 대한 목표가 없었으며, 가정불화를 많이 겪었고, 학교가 싫고, 그래서 학교 성취도도 낮았다. 이들은 공격성이 강하고, 환경에 대한 불평이 많고 부정적 감정처리가 미숙하였다. 이들은 또한 공감 능력이 부족 하고 장래에 대한 기대가 낮았다. 이들은 또한 분노 표출이 더욱 확대되고 인지적 왜곡이 심하여 발달 과정상 더 욱 부정적인 방향으로 진행되어갔다. 결론: 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 한 피해자와 가해자를 위한 예방전략이 필요하다.