The types of waste generated in radiation controlled areas of nuclear facilities are very diverse. Among them, the waste containing hazardous materials such as electrical equipment and fire safety equipment that do not directly handle radioactive materials is also primarily classified as radioactive waste because it was used and stored in the radiation controlled area. Such wastes include periodic consumables such as fluorescent lamps, fire extinguishers, batteries, and gas containers after use. The waste is ambiguous and cannot be easily treated as radioactive waste or waste subject to clearance, and has been stored in a radiation controlled area for a long time, and the amount is continuously increasing. The storage space is saturated and has difficulty in management. IAEA ISO-7503-2016 clearly states that surface contamination measurement can be applied to surface contamination substrates (impermeable, non-activated) instead of volume contamination measurement. In order to solve these concerns, some facilities within the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute were selected to explore self-disposal methods based on surface contamination in consideration of the characteristics of waste and facility contamination. The surface contamination degree and qualitative gamma spectroscopic analysis were carried out by the method. First, we examined the characteristics of the facility, the history of the air pollution level of the usage/storage space, and periodic inspection records. Second, we measured the physical properties (area/weight) of the waste in the same treatment way as the existing waste. Third, gamma dose rate and surface contamination (direct/indirect method) are measured for the entire area to confirm contamination is possible. It was confirmed that the concentration standard was satisfied. In order to clarify the presence of contamination, a qualitative method of gamma nuclide analysis was also performed. All surveys/measurements of 4 types of waste at 7 facilities were performed and it was confirmed that all waste satisfies the permissible concentration standard for clearance which conservatively set at 0.1 Bq/g as the permissible concentration standard. In the future, We hope that you will use this as a reference to search for easier disposal methods for regulatory bodies and specified waste disposal methods, and contribute to reducing the amount of radioactive waste generated.

According to “Korea Environment Corporation (KECO): Statistical data of specified waste generation and treatment,” the amount of designated waste generated in 2015 was 4,691,532 tons, which is 51.7% higher than the 3,092,591 tons generated in 2005, and the annual output is steadily increasing by 3.25%. Therefore, in order to properly manage the specified wastes, it is necessary to divide them according to the type of industry and waste type and to evaluate the trend of specified waste generation in advance and establish a specified waste management plan. However, due to the statistical data collection and administrative procedures, the timing of the publication of national statistical data is somewhat delayed after the actual generation of specified waste. Since the “National Waste Comprehensive Plan” assumes that GDP and manufacturing output will increase by 4% every year and predicts the amount of specified waste generation in the future, there is a great deal of pressure to use this in the actual field. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between the production index, which is an economic index indicating the change in the output of the products produced by the industry, and the specified waste generation amount. Based on the actual production index, the specified waste statistics for 2017 were predicted and compared with the estimated amount and the actual amount for the 2010 ~ 2015 period.

급격한 경제적･사회적 변화에 따라 제조업에서 발생하는 폐기물의 종류와 발생량 역시 다양하고 복잡하게 변화하고 있다. 사업장폐기물은 위해성에 따라 사업장일반폐기물과 지정폐기물로 분류되며, 지정폐기물은 사업장폐기물 중 주변 환경을 오염시킬 수 있거나 오염성 폐기물 등 인체에 위해를 줄 수 있는 유해성분을 지니고 있는 폐기물로써, 적정한 처리를 위해 관리 및 감시 등의 조치가 필요하다. 이러한 이유로 폐기물관리법에서는 올바로시스템을 통하여 지정폐기물의 발생량과 처리량 통계조사를 1년마다 실시토록 하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지정폐기물 통계조사를 효과적으로 활용하기 위하여 물질의 흐름을 분석하여 정량적이고 체계적으로 평가하였다. 올바로시스템를 통하여 통계자료를 수집하였으며 2007년에서 2012년 사이의 자료는 통계방식이 다소 상이함으로 2005년과 2015년에 대하여 발생량과 처리량을 비교 분석하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 제조업에서 발생하는 지정폐기물에 대한 업종별 물질흐름분석을 통해 주요 발생물질과 발생원을 파악하고 지정폐기물 관리 및 정책 수립의 기초자료를 제공을 목적으로 한다.

산업화가 진행됨에 따라 현대사회는 많은 화학물질이 생산･유통되고 있다. 이 중 유해화학물질은 인간의 건강보호와 환경오염 문제를 야기하므로 체계적인 관리가 중요하다. 우리나라는 유해물질이 함유한 폐기물에 대해 지정폐기물로 관리하고 있으며, 국제적으로는 유해폐기물 중 규제대상 유해물질의 항목을 확대하고 규제기준을 강화하고 있는 추세이다. 이에 따라 국립환경과학원에서는 국제협약 관리대상물질, 국내·외 관리물질, 국내 토양환경기준, 오염사고사례, 재활용제품 관리 규제물질, 시험방법 등을 고려하여 단계적인 확대 방안을 마련하여 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 제시된 유해물질에 대하여 우선 적용 대상 물질인 불소(F), 니켈(Ni), 아연(Zn)을 대상으로 제안기준을 초과하는 업종을 파악하고 올바로시스템(2014년도)을 이용하여 업종에 따른 폐기물 발생량을 계산하여 지정폐기물 발생량을 예측하고자 하였다. 지정폐기물 발생량 예측을 위한 분석자료는 유해폐기물 목록화 연구사업의 분석자료를 이용하여 신규항목에 대한 폐기물 발생업종을 조사하였으며, 시간에 따른 발생량 변동추이는 고려하지 않았다. 그 결과 불소 50 mg/L, 니켈 11 mg/L, 아연 20mg/L을 용출기준으로 지정폐기물 발생량을 검토한 결과 불소 0.031 %, 니켈 0.130 %, 아연 0.299 %로 전체 폐기물 발생량의 0.374 %로 약 44만톤이 증가할 것으로 예측되었다.

For management of hazardous waste, the Ministry of Environment regulates fewer items and has fewer test methodsfor toxic chemicals than developed countries. Regulated items should be expanded in order to strengthen the managementof hazardous waste and comply with international trends. For conducting to quantify the cost and value of the expansion,we estimated the amount of toxic waste and evaluated applicability and economic effects of the expansion of regulateditems to the industry. Through a survey of domestic and foreign studies, we reviewed the substances (e.g. F and Ni) thatare regulated as hazardous chemicals and planed a road-map for gradual expansion of regulated items. The analysis oftreatment cost had been focused on the result of leachate and total content analysis of regulated 7 inorganic materials(Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Cr+6, and CN) and unregulated 8 inorganic metals (F, Ni, Zn, Se, Sb, Ba, Be, V), and also totalcontent analysis of unregulated 4 organic materials (PAHs, PCDD/DFs, HCB, and PCBs) in Korea. With the result ofcontent concentration of unregulated 8 inorganic metals, we could estimate that they were discharged about 4.644millionton/year from industries in Korea. Also, The amount of waste from oil refining, steel, and casting factory was more than50% of total generated waste in Korea.