Based on the socio-historical dynamics of English ideologies that percolated into Korean society, this paper explored the significant aspects of ESL ideology in the Korean context. Despite the generally accepted EFL context in Korea, the country is situated at the intersection between two categories: ESL from a perspective of English ideologies and EFL from a perspective of societal context. As a proto-ideology of English, ESL ideology, which dates back to the United States Military rule in Korea, was further theoretically developed by the Peabody/Korean team, and its implementation was attempted by the Peace Corps. Although activating ESL has failed in Korean society, its ideology per se remains unchanged, (re)generating other English ideologies including Spoken English First, Ten-year English Fiasco, and Earlier the Better English Education ideologies. This study found that the discrepancy between ESL as the ideological domain and EFL as the practical domain has brought about some confusion in English education policy and practices.

In current research, it was attempted a preliminary design and evaluation of non-uniform ultra high-strength concrete (UHSC) truss members. UHSC used here has the compressive strength of 180 MPa, the tensile strength of 8 to 20 MPa, and the tensile strain after cracks up to 2%. By the three-dimensional finite element stress analysis as well as strut-tie approach on concrete solid beams, the non-uniform truss shape of UHSC truss was designed with the architectural esthetic concept. In a series of examples, to compare with conventional concrete members, the proposed UHSC truss members have advantages in capabilities of the slender design with minimum weight with high performances under transverse loadings as well as the aesthetically non-uniform design for spatial structures.

Structural dynamic system involves random variables conditions such as material property, geometric parameters and applied loads. This uncertainties result from the structural parameter are carefully considered the dynamic structural response in displacement, stress, and natural frequencies. The random vibrational system must be designed to withstand a certain amount of the fluctuation with respect to the uncertainties. Harmonic response of a spring-mass system is mathematically modelled with the probabilistic finite element method using the Monte Carlo simulation. The aim of this paper is to find the optimal lowest frequency for the spring-mass system with random input variables and response parameters to the displacements. The probabilistic design is carried out using ANSYS probabilistic design module in a commercial application software and then the optimal design is sequentially solved. An efficient and practical optimal design evaluation method is proposed for the design of the harmonic system. The numerical results are obtained where the next highest frequency of the system and displacements treated as constraints.

기계 구조물에서 부재의 결합부가 시스템 전체의 동적 거동에 매우 심각한 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 동적인 응답의 정확한 예측은 이러한 결합부를 어떻게 모델링 하느냐에 달려 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 본 논문에서는 결합부의 유연성을 정량적으로 표현하기 위하여 서로 대칭이고 마주보는 외팔보의 중앙에 선형 및 비틀림 스프링을 결합부에 이식하였다. 이를 바탕으로 결합부의 강성 변화에 따른 시스템의 재해석은 축약법과 유한요소법으로 계산하였다. 이항 급수로 표현되는 기저벡터의 수에 따라서 전체 모델의 크기는 획기적으로 감소되어 축약 모델로 매우 짧은 시간에 효율적으로 계산할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 경우의 수치해석 예가 제시되어 축약 모델의 결과가 정밀해와 잘 일치함을 보여주고 있다.

An experimental study on the structural behavior of connection types between approach slab and integral abutment has been done for three typical bar connections. Typical hinge style reinforcing bar detail for its connection is preferred in order to accommodate rotation of the approach slab among engineers. However, the straight horizontal bars can be used as connection detail accomodate structural capacity. Total six specimens with three types of rebar detail are tested for direct tensile and bending load. The characteristic structural behaviors are carefully monitored and all the strain gauge data obtained are analyzed. It is shown that the structural performance of all the specimens well exceed its design allowance. Several design suggestions are given based on careful reviews on the experiment.

Energy and energy consumption play an important role in strategies for socio-economic development of the country. In 1995, Vietnam officially entered the 500 kV North-South transmission power line exploits, with a full length of 1,487 km. The purpose of this study is to investigate the breakpoint and the transition effect of energy consumption to economic growth in Vietnam during the period of 1980-1994, and 1995-2016. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the Bounds test are used to test for the presence of cointegration, whereas the Toda and Yamamoto procedure Granger causality test is used for the direction of causality. The result of the Bounds test validates the existence of cointegration among the included variables. The empirical results provide evidence that energy consumption has a positive impact on the economic growth of Vietnam in the long run. The causality test shows that there is bi-directional causality between energy consumption and economic growth, supported feedback hypothesis. There is a breakpoint in 1995 and the contribution of energy consumption in economic growth in the period of 1995-2016 is lower than the stage 1980-1994. This study suggests Government authorities explore new sources of energy to achieve sustainable economic development in the long run.

Purpose – The present study examines interrelationships among antecedent factors defining consumer behavior in selecting online shopping websites. Research design, data, and methodology – The study identified factors from existing literature and used Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to propose a conceptual approach to explain consumer website selection behavior. Through extensive discussions among industry and academia experts, qualitative assessment of the relationship between various factors was determined. Results – According to the model, eight congregating factors do not converge directly for website selection, rather, they operate following a hierarchy of influence. The ISM and MICMAC analysis reveal that information on a website and website aesthetics play key roles in influencing website selection. However, convenience and the value proposition also play very significant roles. Conclusions – The study’s findings can help the e-commerce industry, especially online retailers. The findings can be used to enhance e-retailer ability to attract, communicate, engage, achieve, monitor, and evaluate web traffic and design appropriate strategies. The study’s prime contribution is the application of Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) to the field of website selection.

본 논문은 쇼팽의 마주르카 Op. 50/3, c 단조에 대한 “이야기 분석”(narrative analysis)이 다. 이 이야기 분석에서 필자는 두 개의 서로 다른 분석적 패러다임을 통해 작품을 조망하는 데, 아가우(Kofi Agauw)가 기호학적 분석 모델로 제시한 외적인 기호(extroversive semioses)와 내적인 기호(introversive semioses)가 그것이다. 이야기 분석에서 필자는 아가 우의 방법론적 모델을 수용하면서도 해튼(Robert Hatten)의 해석학적인 담론을 추구한다. 해튼의 해석학적인 담론은 여러 계층에 배태되어 나타나는 다양한 토픽들과 구조적인 특징 에 대한 날카로운 통찰이 조화롭게 녹아든 전문가적인 비평을 지향한다. 또한 필자는 이야기 분석에서 타라스티(Eero Tarasti)의 음악의 공간적, 시간적, 행위적 측면에 대한 의미론적인 접근을 통한 음악 표면적 사건에 대한 세밀한 관찰을 작품 조망에 대한 패러다임으로 포함한다. 쇼팽의 마주르카 Op. 50/3, c 단조는 아리아(aria)와 학자적 양식(learned styles), 왈츠 (waltz), 랜들러(Ländler), 판타지아(fantasia)와 같은 다양한 토픽들을 함유하고 있다. 더욱 이 이 작품은 아리아를 모방․대위적인 짜임새에 투영하고, 19세기 농민의 투박한 선율을 유 려한 아리아와 솔기 없이 엮어내는 등, 토픽을 단순히 나열하는 수준에서 벗어나 이들을 새 로운 방식에서 조합하는 대가적인 수월성을 여실히 보여주었다. 또한 작품의 긴 규모와 후반 부의 반음계적인 일탈에도 불구하고 작품의 구조는 강한 조성적 응집성은 물론 동기적으로 밀접한 연관성을 보였다.