Anti-expectation category is one of the important concepts in semantic-pragmatic interface research. It not only reflects the truth-value sematic relationship and conditions of the objective world, but also reflects the subjective understanding or attitude of both parties in communication. This article is mainly based on the theory of information structure to classify anti-expectation adverbs in Chinese and Korean. It is mainly divided into eight categories: unexpected surprise type, unexpected dissatisfaction type, fact awakening type, fact correction type, typical turning type and polarity turning type. The semantics of each type of Chinese and Korean are compared and analyzed, and the similarities and differences of anti-expectation adverbs in Chinese and Korean are understood through preliminary comparisons, and they are analyzed and explained by information structure theory. Through preliminary analysis, we can see that there is no one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and Korean anti-expectation adverbs, and there are differences in information intensity and subjectivity.

This paper replicates the sorting task conducted on Bencini and Goldberg (2000) to examine whether Korean learners of English only concentrate on the meaning of verbs or they also pay attention to constructional meanings in English sentence processing. The results were broadly consistent with the original study―Korean learners of English were able to recognize the existence of English argument structure constructions and utilize the configurations in sentence interpretation. However, the experiment detected discrepancy in learners' understanding constructions according to the types. Language learners generally have a sense of English argument structure constructions and try to make full use of the representations, but their cognitive ability has not been sufficiently trained to access the internal relation among the constructions. Consequently, the learners feel difficulty in interpreting other types of argument structure constructions except transitive constructions and they tend to stick to the representations. Constructionists regard argument structure constructions as impetus and facilitator in language acquisition. Based on the perspective, the materials and the instructions provided to language learners need to be developed in a way that promotes the learners' access to the characteristics of English argument structure constructions.

송국리유적의 남서쪽에 해당하는 54지구는 1974년 이래 가장 집중적인 조사가 이루어진 지역이다. 특히 서쪽으로 뻗은 舌狀의 구릉성 대지는 주변조망이 용이한 곳인데, 삭토와 성토공사로 대지를 정지, 확장한 후 목책을 설치한 것으로 알려져 왔다. 그런데, 최근 시행된 조사를 통하여, 목책으로 인식되었던 주열의 성격이 대형 굴립주건물로 판명되었고 이를 중심으로 하는 특수한 구획시설의 존재도 확인되었다. 이 시설은 대지의 북동쪽과 남동쪽에 각각 11×1칸의 대형 굴립주건물을 배치하고 건물의 주위와 대지의 서쪽을 견고한 鬱柵으로 둘러싼 특이한 구조를 띠고 있다. 건물을 둘러싼 울책의 내외에 前庭과 廣場을 두고 망루로 추정되는 주혈군과 1×1칸의 굴립주건물을 배치하였다. 이러한 구조는 이 공간이 취락 내에서 특별히 구별된 공간으로서 격리·보호·방어적 성격과 함께 공공 집회를 염두에 둔 광장적 성격을 동시에 갖고 있음을 시사한다. 송국리 취락이 수전 농경을 기반으로 형성된 취락이라는 점을 감안할 때, 대형 굴립주건물은 곡물을 저장, 보관하는 고상창고였을 가능성이 높으며 이와 함께 농경과 관련한 의례행위도 함께 행해졌던 것으로 추정된다. 즉, 송국리취락의 특수공간은 생산물의 저장·관리공간인 동시에 의례공간으로 판단 된다.