In environments where buffer materials are exposed to increased temperature due to the decay heat emitted by radioactive waste, it is crucial to assess the performance of the buffer material in relation to temperature effects. In this study, we conducted experiments using Bentonil-WRK, a calcium-type bentonite, compacted to a dry density of 1.65 g/cm3 and an initial water content of 15%. The experimental temperature conditions were set to 30, 60, 90, 110, and 130°C. We observed that the swelling pressure of the compacted bentonite buffer decreased as the temperature increased. The findings from this study can provide valuable guidance for the design of high-level waste repository in Korea.

Backfill is one of the key elements of deep geological disposal. The backfill material is used to fill disposal tunnels and is mainly composed of swellable clay, preventing the migration of nuclide and structurally supporting the tunnel. The selection and application of backfill material are critical for the stable and efficient disposal of spent fuel. Therefore, it is essential to secure various candidate materials for backfill and to comprehensively understand the properties and behavior of these materials. Recently, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has selected a candidate material called Bentonil-WRK and is evaluating its applicability. To utilize this material as backfill, the safety function of a mixed backfill concept, consisting of sand and Bentonil-WRK, was assessed. The swelling pressure was measured as a function of dry density for a bentonite/silica sand mix ratio of 3/7. The results showed that the swelling pressure ranged from 0.15 to 0.273 MPa, depending on the dry density, with higher dry densities resulting in higher swelling pressures. The measured swelling pressure met the target performance criteria suggested by SKB and Posiva (i. e., 0.1 MPa), but did not meet the design requirement for swelling pressure (i. e., 1 MPa). This indicate the need for further research after increasing the mass fraction of bentonite (e. g., mix ratio 4/6 or more). The results of this study are expected to be used in the selection of candidate backfill materials and the establishment of design guidelines for engineered barrier backfill.

국산 칼슘 벤토나이트를 대상으로 온도가 팽윤압에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 벤토나이트를 건조밀도 1.6 g/㎤으로 압축하고, 0.69 MPa의 일정한 수압으로 증류수를 공급하여 팽윤압을 측정하였다. 온도 영향 실험은 25℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 60℃, 70℃에서 승온조건과 감온조건으로 수행하였다. 압축 벤토나이트가 물과 접촉하여 상온에서 5.3 MPa의 충분히 높은 팽윤압이 작용하는 것을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 팽윤압 은 온도가 높을수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 승온조건과 감온조건에서의 온도에 따른 팽윤압 거동에 차이를 보이며, 승온조건에서 온도에 따른 변화가 심하게 나타났다. 향후 온도 조건 외에 벤토나이트의 압축 밀도 변화, 지하수 조성에 따라 팽윤압 특성이 어떻게 변화하는지에 대해 평가한다면, 앞으로 국내 고준위 폐기물 처분장의 개념 설계에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.