사수도(四獸圖)는 각각 동ㆍ서ㆍ남ㆍ북을 상징하는 청룡(靑龍)ㆍ백호(白虎)ㆍ주작(朱雀) ㆍ현무(玄武) 네 신수(神獸)를 그린 그림이다. 사수도는 4~5세기 고구려 고분 벽화에서 나 타나기 시작하여 조선시대까지 장의 미술을 대표하는 화재(畫材)로 소용되었다. 삼국시대 고분과 고려시대 석관을 장식하던 사수도는 유교적 상장례가 정착되고 묘제가 변화한 조선시 대까지 전례되어 왕과 왕비의 재궁(梓宮)이 머무는 망자의 공간을 수호하였다. 재궁을 안치하는 공간에 배설하는 사수도는 망자의 공간을 수호하는 전통적인 의미에 더 해 상장례의 위격을 가르는 대표적인 시각물로, 전례(典例)의 의궤를 철저하게 상고하여 그 려야 하는 전통적이고 보수적인 도상이었다. 그러나 현전하는 흉례도감의궤(凶禮都監儀軌) 에서는 다양한 도상의 사수도가 확인된다는 점에 주목할 필요가 있다. 조선 중기까지 찬궁(攢宮)은 현실 세계와 망자의 공간을 완벽하게 분리하던 밀폐된 공간 이었다. 그러나 현종대 이후 재궁가칠(梓宮加漆)이 의례화되면서 찬궁은 언제나 개폐 가능 한 열린 공간으로 변화한다. 이러한 변화는 주술적 의미가 강하게 남아있던 사수도를 외부에 지속적으로 노출시켜, 비공개성이라는 사수도의 성격이 크게 바뀌는 계기가 되었다. 효종의 국장을 계기로 재궁 자체의 기능은 더욱 강화되고, 동시에 찬궁의 기능은 약화되어 갔다. 이후 숙종 연간 5번의 국상을 치르며 빈전(殯殿)이 설치된 기간 동안 재궁에 가칠을 하는 의례 가 정례화되어갔고, 재궁가칠로 인하여 찬궁의 기능과 형태 또한 변화하게 된다. 이렇듯 사 수도가 배설되던 공간의 변화는 사수도 도상뿐만 아니라 전통적 상징 의미와 위상의 변화를 야기했다. 영조 연간 국가의례 정비와 의례서 편찬 사업으로 사수도는 왕과 왕비의 상장례에서만 사 용되는 의물(儀物)로 상장례의 위격을 가르는 대표적인 시각물로서 기능하였다. 그러나 의 례가 체계적으로 정리되고 형식적으로 변해감에 따라 망자를 수호하는 사신(四神)에서 의례 의 일부이자 찬궁 내부의 방위를 표시하는 서수(瑞獸)로 그 지위가 변화하게 된다. 이러한 변화는 영조대 백호, 주작, 현무의 도상이 실존하는 호랑이, 새, 거북과 같은 모습으로 변화 한 현상과 더불어 정조대까지 목차와 관계없이 의궤의 맨 앞면에 그려졌던 사수도가 순조 즉 위 이후부터는 조성소의궤(造成所儀軌)에 그려진 것을 통해서도 유추해 볼 수 있다. 그럼에도 사수도는 상장례의 위격을 가르는 대표적인 시각물로 의례 과정에서 지속적으 로 소용되었다. 정조의 사친(私親)인 사도세자(思悼世子)와 혜경궁(惠慶宮), 순조의 사친 인 가순궁(嘉順宮)의 원소도감의궤(園所都監儀軌)와 빈궁혼궁도감의궤(殯宮魂宮都監儀 軌)에서는 예장(禮葬)의 위격에 맞지 않는 찬궁과 사수도 도설이 확인된다. 의궤 속 화려한 채색 도설로 남아있는 사수도는 어떤 기록보다도 왕의 사친의 상장례가 일반적인 예장과 달 랐음을 보여주는 뚜렷한 시각적 전거(典據)가 되었을 것이다.

With regard to Gung-jung Yeon-hyang(宮中宴享; court banquet), the frequency of banquets that were held at one time beginning Mu-ja J in-jak(戊子進爵; a royal banquet held in 1828) in 1828 (the 28th year of King Sunjo (純祖)'s reign). In proportion to this frequency, there was an increase in the need and importance of Suk-seol-so(熟設所; a kitchen built in temporarily house for court banquet) and Jung-bae-seol-cheong(中排設廳; a temporary place to put offerings) as a space to assist court banquets. Although Suk-seol-so was a temporary but large-scale facility, it was frequently used for long periods. This facility was flexibly established using the variability of Dong-gung(東宮; Palace for Crown Prince) and enhanced the efficiency of censorship and security in conjunction with palace gates and Suk-wi-cheo(宿衛處; guard station, guard room). In addition, it was reused according to the period when the nation and royal family gave finances or banquets. Jung-bae-seol-cheong was established in the place connected to the central space of court banquets and worked as buffer space to resolve the tension on the day of the event. The location where Jung-bae-seol-cheong was established enabled us to confirm the applicability of Bok-do(複道; corridor) connected to Chimjeon(寢殿; royal residence) when holding court banquets. In short, Suk-seol-so and Jung-bae-seol-cheong were auxiliary spaces, but were considered importantly in the palace operation when holding court banquets.

Since the 1970's, UNESCO and ICOMOS have adopted or emphasized on the principles of historic preservation. One of them is what to require a repair should not be repaired beyond the limits of the features and techniques which had been adopted in those days of establishment. On the premise, this paper is to examine the materials and technique of wall plaster work in the government building constructions in the Joseon dynasty. The result of this examination shall come up with a basic conformity in the case of repairing the building established in the late of Joseon dynasty. This paper is carried out for the proper repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. The materials and technique which applied to wall plaster work in those days were quite different from the present. The technique that was used to wall plaster of government buildings in those days was not a lime wall plaster, but sand coat one. The kinds of material for setting of the sand coat wall plaster had been revised with the change of the times or constructions. The main kinds of material were composed of sand, white clay, paper fiber, and cereal starch. However, the present materials were composed of sand, white clay. Therefore, the present materials and technique which applied to wall plaster work for the repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties have to be revised and corrected.

Since the 1970's, UNESCO and ICOMOS have adopted or emphasized on the principles of historic preservation. One of them is what to require a repair have not to be repaired beyond the limits of the features and techniques to have been born in those days of establishment. On the premise, this paper is to examine the materials and technique of lime plaster work in order for roof ridge, and for bond paste of stones and bricks in government constructions in the late of Joseon dynasty(17〜19c). The result of this examination will come up with a basic conformity in the case of repairing the building established in the late of Joseon dynasty. This paper is carried out for the proper repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. The components of old plaster mixtures which agglutinate stones each other were quicklime, perilla oil, and paper fiber. The components of old plaster mixtures which point joint of black bricks consisted of slaked lime, perilla oil, paper fiber, and cereal starch. These components were the same as coat surface of roof ridges. In the case of times, one of the following sand, white clay, sap of boiled elm bark was added to these components for the purpose of high efficiency. These materials and techniques which applied to plaster work of those buildings had developed in the process of making royal tombs. But these materials and techniques were quite different from the present.

This study lists the vocabulary of the inscriptions on SeoGwol-YeongGeon-DoGam-UiGwe(西闕營建都監儀軌 1831). This study also deciphers and explains the meanings of them. In advance, this study compares them with the vocabulary of the national language in the middle ages and in modem times. There are two important missions in deciphering a transcription marking of the architectural vocabulary of UiGwe(儀軌). One is to gain an understanding of the reading method of transcription marking and the other is an explanation of what that means. As a result, we can correctly understand the UiGwe(儀軌) written in transcription marks. If we could decipher the transcription markings of the documents as it is, we cannot only recover plenty of vocabulary related with characteristic architecture in the age of the later Joseon Dynasty, but also correct wrongly used vocabulary in the present. As a result, we can standardize and adjust the vocabulary use of Korean traditional architecture. In advance, we can correct errors of spelling and mistaken explanations in the Korean Encyclopedia.