The type of radioactive waste that may occur in the process of nuclear power plant dismantling can be classified into solid, liquid, gas, and mixed waste. The amount of these wastes must be defined in the Final Decommissioning Plan for approval of the licensing. Also, in the case of Metal radioactive waste, it is necessary to calculate the generation amount in order to treat radioactive waste at a Radioactive Waste Treatment Facility (RWTF). Since a large quantity of metal radioactive waste is generated during the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, the application of a metal melter for reduction is considered. The metal waste is heated to a temperature above the melting point and separated into liquid and gas forms. Nuclides existing on the surface of metal waste vaporize in a melting furnace to become dust or collect in sludge. Nonvolatile nuclides such as Co, Fe and Mn remain in ingot, but other nuclides can be captured and reduced with dust and sludge. And the types of melting furnaces to be applied can be broadly classified into Atmospheric Induction Melter (AIM) and Vacuum Induction Melter (VIM). Therefore, this review intends to compare the two types of metal furnaces to be included in RWTF.

The decommissioning of Korea’s nuclear power facilities is expected to take place starting with the Kori Unit 1 followed by the Wolsong Unit 1. In Korea, since there is no experience of decommissioning, considerations of site selection for the waste treatment facilities and reasonable selection methods will be needed. Only when factors to be considered for construction are properly selected and their effects are properly analyzed, it will be possible to operate a treatment facility suitable for future decommissioning projects. Therefore, this study aims to derive factors to be considered for the site selection of treatment facilities and present a reasonable selection methodology through evaluation of these factors. In order to select a site for waste treatment facilities, three virtual locations were applied in this study: warehouse 1 to warehouse 3. Such a virtual warehouse could be regarded as a site for construction warehouses, material warehouses, annexed building sites, and parking lots in nuclear facilities. If the selection of preliminary sites was made in the draft, then it is necessary to select the influencing factors for these sites. The site of the treatment facility shall be suitable for the transfer of the waste from the place where the dismantling waste is generated to the treatment facility. In addition, in order for construction to take place, interference with existing facilities and safety should not be affected, and it should not be complicated or narrow during construction. Considering the foundation and accessibility, the construction of the facility should be economical, and the final dismantling of the facility should also be easy. In order to determine one final preferred plan with three hypothetical locations and five influencing factors, there will be complex aspects and it will be difficult to maintain consistency as the evaluation between each factor progresses. Therefore, we introduce the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) methodology to perform pairwise comparison between factors to derive an optimal plan. One optimal plan was selected by evaluating the three virtual places and five factors of consideration presented in this study. Given the complexity and consistency of multiple influencing factors present and prioritizing them, AHP tools help users make decisions easier by providing simple and useful features. Above all, it will be most important to secure sufficient grounds for pairwise comparison between influencing factors and conduct an evaluation based on this.

The public relations room of the waste disposal facility is a space that can be visited by a large number of unevaluated personnel. Therefore, it is essential to design against fire, and research on fire and evacuation is essential. In this study, in order to evaluate the safety of the occupants in the event of fire and evacuation based on the life safety standards of occupants, the increase in risk due to heat, visible distance, and toxic gases on a plane 1.8m from the floor, which is the limit of breathing of the evacuee, over time. It was analyzed by location. As a result, the RSET of the P-01 exit was 93.0 seconds and the ASET was 272.6 seconds, the RSET of the P-02 exit was 45.8 seconds, the ASET was 147.7 seconds, the RSET of the P-03 exit was 106 seconds, and the ASET was 182.9 seconds.

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can be released to humans and the environment through the generation of waste containing engineered nanomaterials (WCNMs) and the use and disposal of nano-products. Nanoparticles can also be introduced intentionally or unintentionally into waste streams. This study examined WCNMs in domestic industries, and target nanomaterials, such as silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nano silver, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were selected. We tested 48 samples, such as dust, sludge, ash, and by-products from manufacturing facilities and waste treatment facilities. We analyzed leaching and content concentrations for heavy metals and hazardous constituents of the waste. Chemical compositions were also measured by XRD and XRF, and the unique properties of nano-waste were identified by using a particle size distribution analyzer and TEM. The dust and sludge generated from manufacturing facilities and the use of nanomaterials showed higher concentrations of metals such as lead, arsenic, chromium, barium, and zinc. Oiled cloths from facilities using nano silver revealed high concentrations of copper, and the leaching concentrations of copper and lead in fly ash were higher than those in bottom ash. In XRF measurements at the facilities, we detected compounds such as silicon dioxide, sulfur trioxide, calcium oxide, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide. We found several chemicals such as calcium oxide and silicon dioxide in the bottom ash of waste incinerators.

나노기술의 발달로 의료, 환경, 자동차, 건축 등 다양한 분야에서 공업용나노물질(ENMs, Engineered Nano Materials)의 사용이 증가하였으며, 이에 따라 제품의 제조, 운반, 저장, 사용, 폐기로 하･폐수처리시설, 소각시설에서 나노물질을 함유한 폐기물이 발생하고 있다. 특히 ENMs은 내부 또는 외부차원의 크기가 1∼100 nm로 동일 성분의 큰 입자와 다른 물리화학적 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한 이러한 특성을 가진 나노물질이 폐기물처리 시설로 유입되어 처리될 때 기존 폐기물과 다른 특성을 나타낼 수 있으며 이에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 나노물질의 종류, 사용량, 물리화학적 특성 그리고 배출형태 등을 참고하여 산화아연, 이산화티타늄, 탄소나노튜브, 은나노를 선정하였다. 조사대상 시료는 하･폐수처리시설 슬러지, 소각시설 비산재, 바닥재, 매립지 침출수와 슬러지 등 35종의 시료를 채취하였다. 시료 분석방법은 폐기물공정시험방법, 토양오염공정시험방법 등을 참고하여 납, 카드뮴, 티타늄 등 중금속 16종을 분석하였다. 아울러 입도분석, TEM(투과전자현미경), XRD, XRF 측정장비를 이용하여 시료특성을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 제조시설에서 발생된 페기물은 ENMs의 물리화학적 특성을 가지고 있었다. 그러나 환경으로 배출된 폐기물을 처리하는 시설에서 폐기물의 물리화학적 배출특성을 조사하였으나 표준화된 공업용 나노물질분석 방법, 나노물질의 입도크기에 따른 환경오염물질과 결합 반은 또는 소각시설에서 고온에 의한 변형 등 여러 가지 영향인자로 폐기물 중 나노물질의 존재 유무 및 형태를 명확하게 확인할 수 없었다.