Six lab scale reactors were designed having the height of 1/20 scale of real burial site and each reactors contained aleachate collecting system. Cattle and pigs were buried in these reactors, and leachate was collected to determine theconcentration of antibiotics. Leachate samples were collected periodically over a period of 24 weeks along with the trendof temperature and decomposition degree. Sulfachloropyridazine was detected in the initial leachate (4 and 8 weekssamples) from the cattle 1 and cattle 2 reactors, as 56µg/L and 312µg/L respectively and thereafter it was not detectedin leachate (16~24 weeks samples). Most of the antibiotics concentration were detected higher in leachate released inbetween 4~8 weeks. However, sulfadimidine was detected throughout 24 weeks in cattle 1 reactor, with the range of2.2~17.5µg/L. As a result of comparison with different aqueous environment, improper management of carcass burialsites may result in both surface water and groundwater contamination. To protect public health and to prevent/minimizethe negative impacts of contamination by antibiotics, proper environmental monitoring of leachate before and after carcassdisposal is necessary.

This paper examined reasonable operating factor for treatment of carcass burial leachate in High Temperature Thermal Desorption (HTTD) and calculated the amount of fuel used in each device using heat and mass balance under condition of 4 scenarios. As a result, we concluded that rotary kiln for dryness and thermal desorption shoud be separated dual type and mixing ratio of sawdust and soil should be restricted no more than 1 : 14. Also, operating temperature should be kept 260, 550, 850 or higher in dryer kiln, thermal desorption kiln and secondary chamber respectively and residence time should be kept 30min in each kiln. The total amount of fuel used in each device was compared under 4 scenarios on the mixing ratio. According to a study, it showed the highest value under the scenario of 1 : 1, which showed 2.5 times higher than the scenario of 1 : 14 in terms of treatment of leachate per unit of LNG.

This study analyzed concentration and characteristics of hazardous substances in treatment of leachate from carcass burial areas by using high temperature thermal desorption (HTTD). Concentrations of pollutants emitted from HTTD treatment of leachate contaminated soil of carcass burial sites satisfied the emission standards for 11 pollutants from domestic waste incineration facilities. Dioxin concentration was 0.0060 ng I-TEQ/Sm3 and 0.0061 (0.0055-0.0070) ng ITEQ/ Sm3 in the normal operation condition and the experimental condition, respectively, which are much lower than the MSWI Standard of 0.1ng I-TEQ/Sm3. As a result, it was considered that leachate from carcass burial areas could be treated by high temperature thermal desorption (HTTD).

T. S. Eliot uses many biblical passages throughout his poetry. Although he changed his faith from the Unitarian church to the Anglican Catholic church in 1927, he extensively uses the Bible to extend poetic significance of his poems. Before he converted into an Anglican Catholic, he mainly incorporates biblical text into his poetry to strengthen religious authority. One of the most important poems in which he poeticizes biblical text is “The Burial of the Dead” of The Waste Land. In The Waste Land, Eliot consistently mixes the prophetic messages of Isaiah, Ezekiel, Ecclesiastes, and John to achieve relative interpretation in “The Burial of the Dead.” However, he does not follow traditional, universal, and absolute interpretations of the Bible in the context of his poetic theme. Rather, he takes biblical text as one of many pluralistic religious poetics. In this sense, his biblical interpretation is plural, relative, and flexible. By using a pluralistic interpretation of the Bible, he extends his poetry into more mythic, philosophic, universal, and religious authority.

Experiments were conducted to investigated the change of primary dormancy and viability of Chinese milk vetch(CMV) seed buried in soil both as seed and pod with seeds under CMV-rice cropping system during the period of 2007～2009. The freshly harvested CMV seed alone and pods with seeds were buried in rice field at 0, 5 and 10cm depths and determined change of seed dormancy and viability at one to three month intervals for 10 months. The CMV seed had high dormancy of 95%, showing only 4～5% germination at the beginning in June but the seed dormancy was gradually broken at rice harvest time in autumn, showing 25 to 35% for seed and 55 to 61% for pod with seeds. The viability loss was faster in the seed than in the pod with seeds regardless of depths of placement in the soil base on decayed seeds. Also the seed placed on the soil surface lost viability faster than the 5～10 burial depths. However, appreciable number of CMV seeds still remained at even 4 months after burial in soil. These results indicate that seed dormancy was enable CMV plant to regenerate naturally from the remained soil seed bank at rice harvest time in autumn.

일본의 제3기 해성 퇴적분지 석유탐사 시추공에서 회수된 이질암에서 산출되는 일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층 점토광물에 대하여 광물학적 및 화학적 연구를 수행하였다. X-선회절분석에 의하면 매몰심 도가 증가함에 따라 일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층 광물을 구성하는 스멕타이트 성분층은 감소하고 일라이트 성분층은 증가한다. 또한 매몰심도 4,000 m에서 불규칙배열의 일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층광물은 규칙배열(R=1)의 일라이트-스멕타이트 혼합층 광물로 변화한다. 이 매몰심도는 약 100℃의 매몰온도를 지시하며 유기물분석 결과와 잘 일치되고 있다. 그러나 현재의 지온구배를 고려할 때 100℃의 매몰온도는 3,000 m이다. 이와 같은 차이는 약 2,500 m에 존재하는 역단층에 의하여 일부 지층이 중복되고 더욱 매몰되었기 때문에 발생한 것으로 해석된다. 화학분석에 의하면 매몰심도가 증가함에 따라 일라이트-스멕타이트의 Si 성분은 감소하고 Al과 K성분은 증가한다. 이것은 일라이트-스멕타이트의 사면체층에서 Si를 Al이 교대함에 따라 사면체층에서 발생하는 전하량을 보완하기 위하여 사면체 층간에 K이 유입되는 것을 시사한다. 이 반응에 필요한 K은 K장석과 운모류에서 유입되었을 것으로 생각된다.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil burial depth on seedling emergences of rice (Oryza sativa) and Echinochloa spp. and to model such effects for mathematical prediction of seedling emergences. When the Gompertz curve was fitted at each soil depth, the parameter C decreased in a logistic form with increasing soil depth, while the parameter M increased in an exponential form and the parameter B appeared to be constant. The Gompertz curve was combined by incorporating the logistic model for the parameter C, the exponential model for the parameter M, and the constant for the parameter B. This combined model well described seedling emergence of rice and Echinochloa species as influenced by soil burial depth and predicted seedling emergence at a given time after sowing and a soil burial depth. Thus, the combined model can be used to simulate seedling emergence of crop sown in different soil depths and weeds present in various soil depths.