‘Field Green’은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 2012년에 개발한 국화 신품종이다. 2008년 황색 홑꽃인 ‘Laque Roicks’를 모본으로 하고 흰녹병저항성이며 연두색 홑꽃인 ‘Frill Green’을 부본으로 인공교배를 실시하였다. 실생개체중에서 녹색이며 잘 자라고 꽃모양이 안정적인 개체를 2009년에 선발하였다. 그리고 2010년부터 2012년까지 3년동안 촉성재배와 억제재배, 자연재배을 통해 특성검정을 실시하고 최종 선발을 하였다. ‘Field Green’ 은 자연일장조건에서 10월 26일에 개화하는 품종으로 일장조절을 통해 연중재배가 가능하였다. ‘Field Green’ 품종은 밝은 녹색의 설상화와 녹색의 통상화를 가진 홑꽃이다. 한 꽃당 설상화수는 18.8매이고 꽃의 크기는 7.1cm이었으며 초장은 130.0cm으로 줄기생장이 우수하였다. 그리고 흰녹병에 저항성이고 절화수명은 20.0일 정도였다. ‘Field Green’은 2013년 2월 20일 품종보호출원(출원번호: 2013-153)하고 국립종자원에 2014년 4월 2일 품종등록번호 제4839호로 품종보호등록을 완료하였다.

‘Pink Shine’은 전라북도농업기술원에서 2011년도에 흰녹병 저항성의 절화용 스프레이 국화 신품종으로 육성되었다. 2007년 ‘Orando’를 모본으로 방임 수분하여 2008년 2월에 채종하였고, 동년 6월에 유리온실에서 파종하였으며, 10월에 화색과 화형에 따라 실생 1계통을 선발하였다. 2009년부터 2011년까지 삽목묘를 번식하여 생육과 개화특성을 구명하였으며, 2011년 최종 선발된 영양계통을 ‘Pink Shine’으로 명명하였다. 화형은 홑꽃의 아네모네형태이고, 설상화 색깔은 분홍(PG75C, RHS Value)이다. 화반 색은 적색계열(RPG65B)이고, 줄기 색은anthocyanin이 분포하지 않는 녹색이다(YGG145A). ‘Pink Shine’의 자연개화기는 10월 하순이며, 여름재배에서 개화소요기간은 단일처리 후 58일이고, 대조품종인 ‘Arugus’에 비해 2일 정도 빠르다. 꽃 직경은 4.1cm로 비슷하지만 착화수와 설상화수는 대조품종보다 많다. ‘Pink Shine’은 국화 흰녹병저항성 품종이며, 2012년 국립 종자원에 품종 등록되었다

‘원스’는 전라북도농업기술원에서 2010년도에 흰녹병 저항성의 절화용 스프레이 국화 신품종으로 육성되었다.2006년 ‘Puma’를 모본으로 방임 수분하여 2007년 2월에 채종하였고, 동년 6월에 유리온실에서 파종하였으며,10월에 화색과 화형에 따라 실생 1계통을 선발하였다.2008년부터 2010년까지 삽목묘를 번식하여 생육과 개화특성을 구명하였으며, 2010년 최종 선발된 영양계통을‘원스’로 명명하였다. ‘원스’의 화형은 1륜의 설상화를 가진 아네모네 형에 속한다. 설상화 색은 흰색(WNN155C,RHS Value)이며, 화반 색은 옐로-그린(YG154B)이고. 줄기 색은 안토시아닌이 분포하지 않는 그린계열이다. ‘원스’의 자연 개화기는 10월 중순이며, 여름재배에서 개화소요기간은 단일처리 후 53일이고, 꽃 직경은 4.0cm, 화반 직경은 1.7cm이다. 개화기는 대조품종인 ‘Puma’에 비해 3일 늦고, 꽃 직경은 크고, 설상화 수는 적다. ‘원스’는 국화 흰녹병 저항성 품종이며, 2012년 국립 종자원에 품종 등록되었다.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Snow Bowl’ was released by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science(NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), in 2008. The cross was made in 2005 between ‘03B1-230’, breeding lines of NIHHS and ‘Sei-Alps’. Trials were conducted from 2006 to 2008 for the evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shading cultures in summer and retarding cultures in spring. The natural flowering time of ‘Snow Bowl’ is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by photo-periodic control. It has single type flowers with white petals. The growth of plant is very vigorous and it is resistant to white rust. The diameter of flower is 6.3cm. Number of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 12 and 31, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 59 and its vase life is 24.1 days in autumn season. ‘Snow Bowl’ was applied as No. 2009-179 on February 18, 2009 for variety protection and the plant variety protection rights have been registered as No. 3239 on August 3, 2010 at the Korea Seed and Variety Service

Chrysanthemum white rust, caused by Puccinia horiana, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases in chrysanthemum cultivation worldwide. For increasing efficiency of resistant breeding, molecular markers linked to chrysanthemum white rust resistance gene were developed in pseudo F1 cross population between ‘Puma White’ as susceptible and ‘Dancer’ as resistant using bulked segregant analysis (BSA). Of 280 RAPD primers (Operon 10 mer), 18 primers found to be polymorphic. After screening of these primers in 20 individual lines, only OPI-13520 was selected as closely linked marker to white rust disease resistance. Based on correspondence between phenotypic resistant level and marker in 187 segregation population, the genetic distance between white rust resistance gene and OPI-13520 marker assumed to be 3.8 cM. For OPI-13520 marker conversion into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, the amplified fragment of OPI-13520 was purified, cloned and sequenced. Based on the DNA sequence of OPI-13520, SCAR maker was generated and verified in 20 individual lines used in BSA-RAPD.The results showed SCAR marker could be used to identify white rust resistance in chrysanthemum.

For developing molecular markers linked to white rust resistance in chrysanthemum, RAPD and AFLP were carried out in ‘Puma White’ x ‘Dancer’ mapping population through Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) methods. 10 resistant and 10 susceptible individuals were selected and bulked. And then, these bulks were screened using 280 RAPD primers (10 mer) with two parents. As a result of BSA-RAPD, 25 Dancer/R-bulk specific bands in 21 primers and 22 Puma White/S-bulk specific bands in 18 primers were selected. These resistant or susceptible specific bands were screened in 10 resistant and 10 susceptible individuals. Except OPI-13520, all bands were confirmed as false positive. OPI-13520 band presumed as closely linked marker to white rust disease resistance was tested in whole population. Among 187 progenies, just six off-springs did not correspond with phenotypic data. Based on expected phenotypic segregation ratios in the pseudo F1 progenies, it was assumed that a duplex type of white rust resistance in ‘Dancer’ (RRrrrr) were in combination with a duplex type of OPI-13520 marker. As a result of x2-test of independence between resistance gene and OPI-13520 marker, x2 score is 76.08 and probability is 2.13x10-16. And resistance gene and OPI-13520 marker were assumed to be linked in coupling phase. The value of recombination fraction obtained by successive trials and second derivative of log likelihood was 0.03832±0.0271.

본 실험은 스탠다드 국화 ‘백마’와 스프레이 국화 ‘오렌지엔디’ 품종에 있어서 재식밀도와 멀칭재료에 따른 절화 생육과 흰녹병 발생정도를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 스탠다드 국화 ‘백마’는 6줄 정식 처리구에서 절화장, 줄기직경, 엽수, 절화무게, 화폭, 꽃무게 등의 생육이 8줄이나 10줄에 비해 양호하였다. 또한 흰녹병 발생률도 10줄 정식 처리구에서 68.9%로 가장 높았고, 6줄 정식 처리에서 48.9%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 스프레이 국화 ‘오렌지엔디’는 6줄 정식 처리구에서 줄기직경, 엽수, 절화무게, 화폭 등 다른 처리에 비해 절화생육이 양호하였다. 흰녹병 발생률은 10줄 정식 처리구에서 68.9%로 가장 높았고, 6줄 처리에서 28.9%로 가장 낮았다. 스탠다드 국화 ‘백마’에 있어서 무멀칭에 비해 PE 필름으로 멀칭한 처리에서는 생육이 양호하였는데, PE 필름색에 따른 생육에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 흰녹병 발생률은 무멀칭 처리구에서 93.3%로 가장 높았고, 녹색과 흑색 PE 필름 멀칭 처리구에서 42.2~60%로 낮았고 감염 엽수 및 병징수가 적었다. 스프레이 국화 ‘오렌지엔디’의 절화장은 투명과 녹색 PE 필름으로 멀칭한 처리구에서 길었고, 줄기직경, 엽수, 화폭, 꽃수 등에서는 처리 간 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 흰녹병 발생률은 흑색 PE 필름 멀칭 처리에서 가장 낮았고. 흰녹병 발생엽수와 병징수도 흑색 PE 필름 멀칭 처리에서 가장 적었다.

본 실험은 국화 ‘백마’, ‘오렌지엔디’, ‘레몬엔디’ 품종에 있어서 시비량에 따른 절화 생육과 흰녹병 발생정도를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 스탠다드 국화 ‘백마’의 줄기직경과 절화무게는 표준시비량의 2배 처리구에서 다른 처리에 비해 생육이 양호하였다. 정식 30일 후와 110일 후에 표준시비량의 1/2배 처리구보다 2배 처리구에서 흰녹병 발생률이 가장 낮았고, 발생엽수 및 병징수가 가장 적었다. 스프레이 국화 ‘오렌지엔디’는 절화장, 줄기직경, 화폭은 표준시비량의 2배 처리구에서 다른 처리에 비해 생육이 양호하였고, 통계적으로도 유의성이 나타났다. 또한 정식 110일 후의 흰녹병 발생률은 표준시비량의 1/2배 처리구에서 48.9% 가장 높았고, 발생엽수와 병징수도 가장 많았다. 반면에 표준시비량의 2배 처리구에서 흰녹병이 가장 적게 발생했다. 스프레이 국화 ‘레몬엔디’의 엽수와 화폭은 표준시비량의 2배 처리구에서 다른 처리에 비해 생육이 양호하였다. 그러나 시비량에 따른 스프레이 국화 ‘레몬엔디’의 정식 110일 후의 흰녹병 발생 정도는 처리 간 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Pure Angel' was released by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. The cross was made in 2004 between 'Innocence', a breeding cultivar of NIHHS, and 'Baeksokuk', a spray cultivar with white petals. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shade cultures in summer and retarding cultures in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Pure Angel' is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by photo-periodic control. The cultivar has single type flowers with pure white petals and a green flower center. It shows long vase life and resistance to white rust. The diameter of flower is 52.5 mm. The numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 12 and 22.5, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 52 days in spring seasons.

A new spray chrysanthemum 'Pink Berry' was released by National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. A cross was made in 2004 between 'Lineker Salmon', a spray cultivar with salmon petals, and 'Baeksokuk', a spray cultivar with white petals. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shade cultivation in summer and retarding cultivation in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Pink Berry' is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by photo-periodic control. The cultivar has single type flowers with pink petals and a green flower center. It shows long vase life of 22 days and resistance to white rust. The diameter of flower is 52.0 mm. The numbers of flowers per stem and petals per flower are 15.5 and 29.5, respectively. Days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 56 in autumn seasons.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, ‘herry Blossom’was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea in 2007. A cross was made in 2002 between ‘elance’ a spray cultivar with red petals and resistant to white rust and ‘eonja’ a spray cultivar with pink petals. Trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 for the evaluation and selection of this cultivar, including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of “herry Blossom”is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and lighting treatment. This cultivar is single type flowers with dark pink petals and green flower center and resistant to white rust. It is very stable color of petals when the variety is cultivated under high temperature conditions in summer season. The diameter of flower is 55.0 mm. The number of flowers per stem is 10.5 and the number of petals per flower is 24.0. The days to flowering under the short day treatment is about 45 in spring season.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Orange Memory' was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), in 2006. The cross was made in 2003 between '02B1-525', a breeding line of NHRI and '02B1-493', a breeding line of NHRI. After evaluation for the characteristics including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in spring and consecutive selection from 2002 to 2005, final selection was made. The natural flowering time of "Orange Memory" is Early November, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and illumination. It has semi-double type flowers with orange color and shows resistant to white rust and vigorous growth. The diameter of flower is 5.3 cm. The number of flowers per stem is 13.5 and number of petals per flower is 59.0. The days to flower under short day treatment is about 64 and its vase life is 20 days in autumn season.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Pink PangPang' was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), in 2006. The cross between 'Restone' and 'Lollipop' was made in 2003. After evaluation for the characteristics including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in spring between 2004 and 2006, final selection was made. The natural flowering time of "Pink PangPang" is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and illumination. It has pompon type flowers with light pink petals and resistance to white rust. The diameter of flower is 4.3 cm. The number of flowers per stem is 13 and the days to flower under the short day treatment is about 44 in summer season.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Sunny PangPang' was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), in 2006. The cross between 'Restone' and 'Lollipop' was made in 2003. After evaluation for the characteristics including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in spring between 2002 and 2005, final selection was made. The natural flowering time of "Sunny PangPang" is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and illumination. It has pompon type flowers with orange yellow petals and red flower center. It shows vigorous stem growth and resistance to white rust. The diameter of flower is 4.4 cm. The number of flowers per stem is 11 and the days to flower under the short day treatment is about 49 in summer season.

A new spray chrysanthemum cultivar, 'Pink Pride' was released by National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), Rural Development Administration (RDA), in 2005. The cross between 'Grand Pink' and 'YeonJa' was made in 2001. The characteristics were investigated from 2002 to 2005 for the evaluation and selection of this variety, including shading culture in summer and retarding culture in spring. The natural flowering time of "Pink Pride" is late October, but year-round flowering is possible by shading and illumination. It has pollenless, single type flowers with pink petals and green flower center. The growth of plant is very vigorous and resistant to white rust (Puccinia horiana Henn). The diameter of flower is 6.6 cm. The number of flowers per stem is 11.7 and number of petals per flower is 27. The days to flower under short day treatment is about 56 and its vase life is 19 days in autumn season.