기후 변화에 따른 위험성은 전 세계적으로 오랜 기간 강조되고 있으며, 이를 극복하기 위한 노력은 해운분야에서도 국제해사 기구를 중심으로 이어지고 있다. 연소과정에서 발생한 매연을 제어하기 위하여 매연 생성 특성에 관한 연구는 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 에틸렌 가스를 기반으로 한 대향류 확산화염에서 불활성 기체인 질소를 혼합하여 화염온도, 화염형태, 매연 생성 관련된 화학종의 상태변 화를 확인하기 위해 광소멸법과 화학반응 수치해석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과. 질소의 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 화염온도 감소와 매연체 적분율 감소로 이루어졌다. 매연 입자가 분포하는 구간도 감소하였으며, 30% 이상 혼합비율이 높아지면 체적분율 감소율이 감소하였다. 매연 성장에 관여하는 화학종들의 몰분율도 감소하였다. HACA 반응 관련 화학종은 탄화수소 연료 비율에 따라 영향을 받으나, 홀수탄소 경로 관련 화학종은 탄화수소 연료 비율뿐만 아니라 화염온도 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다.

The hollow fiber membranes were prepared via hybrid process of the thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) and the non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS). The spinning dope solution consisted of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) / dibutyl phthalate (DBP) / 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), where DBP was used as a diluent and NMP as a solvent for PVDF. Various bore fluids were tested different ratio solvent/diluent mixture. Depending on the miscibility of dope solution and internal coagulant the samples underwent the different phase separation mechanisms and rates. Phase separation mechanism study for various combinations were performed to support the interpretation of the membrane structure. Membrane characterizations were performed such as water flux, porosity, pore size, and mechanical strength.

The hollow fiber membranes were prepared via hybrid process of the thermally induced phase separation(TIPS) and the non-solvent induced phase separation(NIPS). The spinning dope solution consisted of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) / dibutyl phthalate (DBP) / 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), where DBP was used as a diluent and NMP as a solvent for PVDF. Bore fluids were tested different ratio solvent/ethanol and diluent/ethanol mixture. The membrane structure was analyzed by SEM and FT-IR to confirm phase separation mechanisms. Various structures were obtained due to the different phase separation mechanism. Membrane characterizations were performed such as water flux, pore size, rejection efficiencies and mechanical strength.

Cryopreservation of avian semen is a useful tool to preserve genetic resource for aim of preventing extinction induced by infectious disease like avian influenza. Unlike those of mammals, data from chicken cryopreserved semen has not been showed feasible results. So, various cryoprotectants and diluents have been examined in many methods. In this report, as a major ingredient of avian seminal plasm, glutamine was substituted by alanyl glutamine to enhance physiological stability of chicken semen during freezing. We studied effect of glycerol and Dimethylacetamide(DMA) on motility and progressive motility of spermatozoa using glutamine diluent(EK-G) or alanyl glutamine diluent(EK-A) condition. The semen of Ogye was collected twice a week by the dorso-abdominimal massage method and diluted with same volume of EK-G or EK-A at 25℃ and stored for 10 min at 4℃ in cold chamber. Glycerol or DMA was added to diluted semen to reached 7% of final concentration at 4℃. After 3min of equilibration, the diluted semen was packed into 0.25ml straws and subjected to cryopreservation used freezing equipment. The packed straw were placed on height 5 cm above surface of liquid nitrogen(LN2) and held for 10min. After preserved for 2 weeks, the straw was thawed onto the 4℃ cooling bath. The images of motility and progressive motility spermatozoa were recorded by digital image recorder and analyzed by manual. The results showed 68.5% motility and 34.1% progressive motility in DMA/EKA diluent, 31.45% and 17.6% in glycerol/EKA, 45.4% and 8.6% in DMA/EKG, and 9.7% and 6.4% in glycerol/EKG. With these results, the alanyl glutamine and DMA could be used as a main composition of diluent and cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of chicken semen.

Pure tantalum powder has been produced by combining Na as a reducing agent, as feed material, KCl and KF as a diluent in a stainless steel(SUS) bomb, using the method of metallothermic reduction. The present study investigated the effect of the amount of the diluent and reaction temperature on the characteristics of tantalum powder in the production process. The temperature applied in this study and the amount of the additional reductant from +5% of the theoretical amount used for the reduction of the entire . The results showed that as the amount of the diluent increased, the reaction temperature became lower because the diluent prevented a temperature rise. Also, according to the mixture ratio of the feed materials and the diluent changed from 1 : 0.25 to 1 : 2, the particle size decreased from to and a particle size distribution which is below 325 mesh in fined powder increases from 71% to 83%. The average size of Tantalum powder, , was close to that of the commercial powders(). Also under this condition, impurities contained in the powder were within the range allowed for the commercial Ta powders.