TiN and CrN thin films are among the most used coatings in machine and tool steels. TiN and CrN are deposited by arc ion plating(AIP) method. The AIP method inhibits the reaction by depositing a hard, protective coating on the material surface. In this study, the characteristics of multi-layer(TiN/CrN/TiN(TCT), CrN/TiN/CrN(CTC)) are investigated. For comparison, TiN with the same thickness as the multilayer is formed as a single layer and analyzed. Thin films formed as multilayers are well stacked. The characteristics of micro hardness and corrosion resistance are better than those of single layer TiN. The TiN/CrN peak is confirmed because both TCT and CTC are formed of the same component(TiN, CrN), and the phase is first grown in the (111) direction, which is the growth direction. However, the adhesion and abrasion resistance of the multilayer films are somewhat lower.

방충포장 상용화를 위하여 천연 해충기피물질을 이용한 박스 포장용 방충소재를 개발하고 이것의 유통, 보관중 제품 박스로의 해충침입 억제 효과를 시험하였다. 라면박스 포장을 접착제 중량대비 1, 3, 5%의 농도로 기피물질을처리한 OPP 테이프로 포장한 후 화랑곡나방 유충에 대한 기피효과를 조사한 결과, 박스 내에서 발견되는 개체수가처리농도 1%, 3%에서 무처리구에 비해 낮게 조사되었다. 특히, 처리농도 1%에서 기피효과가 크게 나타났으며골판지 내부(무처리: 47, 1%: 23마리)에서의 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 이러한 결과는 기피물질을 고농도로 처리한 경우기피물질 함량이 높아 밀폐된 실험공간에서 처리구의 기피물질 향이 확산되어 무처리구에도 영향을 준 것으로판단되었으나 일반적인 유통, 보관환경에서는 장기적으로 해충 기피효과를 발휘할 것으로 판단되었다.

이산화염소(ClO2) 키트를 이용한 식품 저장시설에서의 훈증 상용화 기술개발을 위하여 저장해충들에 대한 훈증효과를 검증하였다. ㈜농심의 원주, 강릉, 안동, 순천, 광주, 전주, 제주물류센터에서 화랑곡나방 유충, 성충, 어리쌀바구미성충, 거짓쌀도둑거저리 성충, 수시렁이류 유충을 대상으로 이산화염소 훈증효과를 조사한 결과, 원주의 경우 처리구에서 3일째 화랑곡나방 성충과 수시렁이 유충 생존률이 0%였으며, 강릉도 각각 13.33, 16.6%로 낮게 나타났다.안동에서는 무처리구에서 화랑곡나방 유충과 성충의 7일째 생존률이 32, 23.33%, 처리구는 10.34, 0%, 화랑곡나방성충과 어리쌀바구미 성충의 경우 순천 처리구에서 8일째 모두 0%였으며, 광주 처리구에서는 각각 8일, 9일째0%, 전주 처리구에서도 각각 9일, 8일째 0%로 무처리구보다 생존율이 낮았다. 7곳의 물류센터에서 이산화염소처리구에서 대상해충들의 생존률이 낮게 조사되어 이산화염소의 방충효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

SSG(self-healing smart grouting) method, has the characteristics such as an improvement of durability and waterproofing, prevention of leaching and pollution. In this study, several tests were performed such as gel-time measurement, uniaxial compression test, permeability test, chemical resistance test to compare the engineering properties of SSG with the other chemical grouting method(LW, SGR). As results of tests, the SSG method has low possibility of groundwater and ground pollution caused by leaching, furthermore, it has advantages like long/short term waterproofing, strength and durability. Therefore the SSG method can be applicable in the fields as an alternative method where is the problems of existing chemical grouting method.

Super alloys, which can be divided into three categories, i.e. Ni-base, Co-base, and Fe-base alloys, are widely used for high temperature applications. Since superalloys contain many alloying elements and precipitates, their chemistry and processing parameters need to be carefully designed. In this study, we designed a new Ni alloy to prevent corrosion due to water vapor and gases at high temperatures. The new alloy was designed using the theoretical value of the resulting energy electronic state calculation(DV-Xα method). The components that were finally used were Cr, Mo, and Ti, with Ni as a base. For these alloys, elements were selected in order to compare their values with that of the average theoretical basis for an Inconel 625 alloy. Finally, two kinds of Ni alloy were designed: Ni-28Cr-4Mo-2Ti and Ni-20Cr-10Mo-1Ti.

The implanting of metal products is performed with numerous surface treatments because of toxicity and adhesion. Recently, the surface modification of metal products has been actively studied by coating the surface of the TiC or TiN film. We prepared a Ti(10%)Ag Target which may be used in dental oral material by, using the AIP(arc ion plating) system TiAgN coating layer that was deposited on Ti g.23. The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal bias voltage conditions of the coated TiAgN layer formed by the AIP process. The TiAgN coatings were prepared with different bias voltage parameters (0V to −500V) to investigate the effect of bias voltage on their mechanical and chemical properties. The SEM(scanning electron microscope), EDS(energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer), XRD(X-ray diffraction), micro-hardness, and potentiodynamic polarization were measured and the surface characteristics of the TiAgN coating layers were evaluated. The TiAgN coating layer had different mechanical characteristics based on the bias voltage, which also showed differences in thickness and composition.

Ti and Ti alloys have been extensively used in the medical and dental fields because of their good corrosion resistance, high strength to density ratio and especially, their low elastic modulus compared to other metallic materials. Recent trends in biomaterials research have focused on development of metallic alloys with elastic modulus similar to natural bone, however, many candidate materials also contain toxic elements that would be biologically harmful. In this study, new Ti based alloys which do not contain the toxic metallic components were developed using a theoretical method (DV-Xα). In addition, alloys were developed with improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Ternary Ti-Ag-Zr alloys consisting of biocompatible alloying elements were produced to investigate the alloying effect on microstructure, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The effects of various contents of Zr on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility were compared. The alloys exhibited higher strength and corrosion resistance than pure Ti, had antibacterial properties, and were not observed to be cytotoxic. Of the designed alloys' mechanical properties and biocompatibility, the Ti-3Ag-0.5Zr alloy had the best results.

최근 지적재산권의 집행을 강화하기 위한 새로운 국제적인 법적 시스템인「위조 및 불법복제 방지협약(Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: 이하 ‘ACTA’라 함)」의 체결을 위한 다자간 협상이 미국과 일본의 주도 하에 우리나라를 포함한 14개국 (EU 포함)을 중심으로 긴밀하게 진행되고 있다. 위조 및 불법복제품이 세계적으로 확산되어 경제의 지속적인 성장을 위협하고 있으며, 인터넷을 통한 위조 및 불법복제품의 거래에 의한 지적재산권의 침해 등과 같은 새로운 문제도 대두되고 있다. 지적재산권 선진국들은 이러한 과제에 대처하기 위하여 지적재산권의 집행에 관한 강력한 법적 규율과 그 집행의 강화 및 국제협력을 주된 내용으로 하는 높은 수준의 국제적인 법적 시스템을 구축하는 것을 목적으로 ACTA를 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 본 논문은 현재 ACTA 협상에서 논의되고 있는 민사적 조치(금지청구, 손해배상, 일방적 수색 및 기타 예비조치, 민사적 손해 액수 추정의 용이성 등), 형사적 조치(비친고적 기소권, 침해물품 제작에 이용되는 도구의 압수 및 폐기, 압수물품의 폐기, 침해물품으로부터 발생한 이익의 압수 등), 국경조치(국경조치의 대상이 되는 침해 지적재산권의 종류, 국경 조치의 절차, 국경 조치를 취할 수 있는 권한의 범위)를 중심으로 주요 쟁점을 검토하고자 한다.

Niobium powder was made from potassium heptafluoroniobite () as the raw material using sodium (Na) as a reducing agent based on the hunter process. The apparatus for the experiment was designed and built specifically for the present study. The niobium particle size greatly increased as the reduction temperature increased from to . The particle size was fairly uniform, varying from to depending on the reduction temperatures. The niobium powder morphology and particle size are very sensitive to a reaction temperature in the metallothermic reduction process. The yield of niobium powder increased from 55% to 80% with a increasing a reaction temperature.

Electrical properties of multi-channel metal-induced unilaterally precrystallized polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (MIUP poly-Si TFT) devices and circuits were investigated. Although their structure was integrated into small area, reducing annealing process time for fuller crystallization than that of conventional crystal filtered MIUP poly-Si TFTs, the multi-channel MIUP poly-Si TFTs showed the effect of crystal filtering. The multi-channel MIUP poly-Si TFTs showed a higher carrier mobility of more than 1.5 times that of the conventional MIUP poly-Si TFTs. Moreover, PMOS inverters consisting of the multi-channel MIUP poly-Si TFTs showed high dynamic performance compared with inverters consisting of the conventional MIUP poly-Si TFTs.

The total energy and strength of Mg alloy doped with Al, Ca and Zn, were calculated using thedensity functional theory. The calculations was performed by two programs; the discrete variational Xα (DV-Xα) method, which is a sort of molecular orbital full potential method; Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package(VASP), which is a sort of pseudo potential method. The fundamental mixed orbital structure in each energylevel near the Fermi level was investigated with simple model using DV-Xα. The optimized crystal structurescalculated by VASP were compared to the measured structure. The density of state and the energy levels ofdopant elements was discussed in association with properties. When the lattice parameter obtained from thisstudy was compared, it was slightly different from the theoretical value but it was similar to Mk, and weobtained the reliability of data. A parameter Mk obtained by the DV-Xα method was proportional toelectronegativity and inversely proportional to ionic radii. We can predict the mechanical properties becauseis proportional to hardness.

‘필수설비이론(essential facility doctrine)’이란 어떤 사업에 필수설비를 보유한 자가 경쟁자에 대하여 평등 또는 합리적인 조건으로 그 설비를 제공해야만 하고, 당해 설비의 접근을 부당하게 거절하는 것은 원칙적으로 독점금지법상 위반이 된다는 이론을 말한다. 일반적으로 사업자에게는 거래상대방의 선택에 대한 자유가 인정되므로 단독의 거래거절은 원칙적으로 위법이 되지 아니하지만, 필수설비이론에 의하면, 필수설비를 보유한 독점기업은 다른 기업의 활동에 필수적인 상품이나 서비스를 제공하도록 강제될 수 있다. 필수설비의 제공거절은 기존의 사업자가 시장으로의 신규참여자에 대하여 주로 사회간접자본의 투자에 의해서 형성된 철도망, 지역적 전기공급망, 공항시설, 전화망, 통신망 등의 제공을 거부한 사안에서 특히 문제가 되었다. 최근에는 필수설비 개념을 SW나 기술표준과 같은 무형부분까지 확장하고자 함에 따라 지적재산권법과 경쟁법간에 갈등이 발생하고 있다. 왜냐하면 필수설비이론은 필수설비 보유자의 재산권을 침해할 가능성이 있고 해당설비에 대한 투자유인을 감소시킬 소지도 있기 때문이다. 이하에서는 우선 필수설비이론의 의의와 전개과정을 미국과 유럽의 판결을 중심으로 논의하고자 한다. 이어서 지적재산분야에서의 필수설비론의 구체적인 의의와 그 한계를 최근 사례에 기초하여 살펴본다.

A process known as the MR and EMR combination process is able to overcome the shortcomings of the MR (metallothermic reduction) and EMR (electronically mediated reaction) process. The effects of as the raw material, sodium as the reducing agent and KCl/KF as the diluent on the characteristics of tantalum powder are investigated. In this study, a MR-EMR combination process has been employed to tantalum powder on the location of reductant. The excess of reductant were varied from 25, 50 to 75 wt%. The total charge and external circuit decreases as the amount of reductant increases. The average particle size increases with increasing the amount of reductant.

In the metallothermic reduction (MR) process used to obtain tantalum powder in one batch, it is difficult to control the morphology and location of the tantalum deposits. On the other hand, an electronically mediated reaction (EMR) process is capable of overcoming this difficulty. The effect of using as the raw material and sodium as the reducting agent on the characteristics of tantalum powder are investigated. As the temperature of the reduction varied from 1023K to 1223K, the powder particles obtained with MR were relatively large , while those prepared via EMR were of uniform . In the MR process, the Ta powder recovery rate increased from 37% to 83% at 1123K in constrat with EMR process.