Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which affects cloven-hoofed animals, is economically important because of its highly contagious nature. FMD virus (FMDV), the causative agent of FMD, involves seven serotypes (O, A, Asia1, C, and SAT 1-3). Serotype Asia1 is unique to the Asian territory and is subdivided into nine genetic groups (G-I-IX) based on nucleotide variations in the VP1 sequence. Asia1 Shamir, the most representative Asia1 vaccine, is not highly protective against the Asia1/MOG/05 (G-V) lineage found in North Korea in 2007. Therefore, we investigated whether a chimeric virus strain (Asia1/MOG/Shamir), in which the VP4, VP2, and VP3 sequences of Asia1/MOG/05 were combined with the VP1 sequence of Asia1 Shamir, can simultaneously protect against both viruses. We determined the optimal viral growth conditions for the commercial utilization of this chimeric virus strain. Of the three types of cell culture media, the Cellvento medium resulted in the highest amount of antigen in the samples. The chimeric strain was proliferated in a small bioreactor to produce a test vaccine, and its immunogenicity was evaluated in pigs. The virus neutralization (VN) titer against the Asia1 Shamir virus was > 1/100 after the second immunization with the chimeric vaccine in pigs. In addition, a single dose of the test vaccine resulted in a VN titer of > 1/100 against the Asia1/MOG/05 strain. Taken together, our chimeric vaccine strain provided sufficient protection against the Asia1/MOG/05 and Asia1 Shamir viruses, suggesting its potential as a novel vaccine for both these strains.

In the case of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), there is a great deal of impact on the national economy due to the disposal of diseases, the cost of disease control such as vaccination, reduction of productivity, and restriction of international trade of livestock products. Therefore, appropriate diagnostic methods for sensitive, accurate and rapid identification of virus serotypes are continuously required in terms of early prevention of FMD. This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility of immuno-PCR diagnostic method for the more sensitive detection of Korean FMD virus (FMDV). We synthesized a partial FMD type A viral gene. Protein antigen, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies of FMDV were cloned, expressed and purified and then magnetic particles were attached to polyclonal antibodies and and oligomers to monoclonal antibodies for the immnuno-PCR. We confirmed the antigen-antibody and oligomer reaction using ELISA, Western blot, and real-time PCR. These results show that Korean FMDV can be detected by using difference of Ct values between positive group and negative group using immuno-PCR.. The results of this study also suggest that this technique will be the basis of the diagnosis method to detect Korean FMDV more sensitively in the future.

2010년 구제역으로 많은 농가들이 피해를 입었으며, 발생원인과 바이러스 전파 과정에 대해서 명확한 원인과 근거를 찾을 수 없는 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 구제역의 발생에 있어서 불명확한 살처분 방지와 감염경로의 예측을 위한 지형적인 특성을 구명하고자, 2010년 경북지역을 대상으로 구제역이 발생한 농가 58개의 지형을 분류하였다. 분류요소는 농가가 위치한 고도, 경사도, 축사의 방향, 도로인접도, 마을인접도와 경사방향을 설정하여 발생농가의 지형적 자료를 각 항목에 분류하였다. 각 요소별 분류에서고도와 경사도, 하천인접도에서는 차이점을 나타내었으나, 축사방향 및 경사방향, 도로인접도, 마을인접도에서는 유사한 지형적인 특성을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 구제역 발생 농가만의 특수한 지형은 알수가 없었지만, 많은 변수들을 고려한 지형분류가 구제역 확산 방지와 예찰을 하기 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship existed between foot type and the location of plantar callus in healthy subjects. Twenty-five healthy subjects with plantar callus were recruited for this study. Foot deformities were classified according to the operational definitions as 1) a compensated forefoot varus, 2) an uncompensated forefoot varus or forefoot valgus, or 3) a compensated rearfoot varus. The location of plantar callus was divided into two regions. Fourteen of the 19 feet with compensated forefoot varus and six of the 9 feet showed plantar callus at the second, third or fourth metatarsal head. Five of the 6 feet with uncompensated forefoot varus and twenty of the 16 feet with forefoot valgus showed plantar callus at the first or fifth metatarsal head. A significant relationship was found between foot type and location of callus (p<.01). The results support the hypothesis that certain foot types are associated with characteristic patterns of pressure distribution and callus formation. We believe diabetic patients with insensitive feet and with the types of foot deformity should be fit with foot orthoses and footwears that accommodate their respective deformity in a position as near to the subtalar joint as possible with the goal of preventing plantar ulceration.