Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NSM) is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory condition of the salivary glands. Its clinical and histological resemblance to malignancies, such as squamous cell carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, requires careful differentiation. While NSM predominantly affects the hard palate, its occurrence in atypical sites like the retromolar trigone is exceedingly rare and presents a significant diagnostic challenge. We report a case of NSM in a 30-year-old female presenting with a painful, indurated ulcer on the retromolar trigone. The lesion developed following a periodontal flap operation, suggesting an iatrogenic ischemic etiology. Despite an initial clinical suspicion of SCC, an incisional biopsy revealed extensive coagulative necrosis and prominent squamous metaplasia of the minor salivary glands. The diagnosis was confirmed by key histopathological features: the preservation of the underlying lobular architecture and the absence of cytologic atypia. The patient was managed conservatively, with complete resolution within six months. This case underscores the necessity of including NSM in the differential diagnosis of persistent gingival ulcers. Accurate histopathological recognition is paramount to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequent unnecessary, aggressive surgical intervention.

This study explores the expressive characteristics of new media fashion collections, which have emerged through the convergence of fashion and digital technologies. As new media develops with the integration of old media, fashion collections are increasingly functioning as media tools to convey identity, narrative, and artistic intent beyond aesthetic presentation. Through a literature review and case analysis of collections from 2000 S/S to 2025 S/S, this study defines the term ‘new media fashion collection’ and investigates its communicative functions. The findings reveal that such collections embody the significance of the expansion of space-time, evolution of expression methods, and decentralization of experience, while diversifying meanings and modes of expression based on new media attributes such as extensibility, integrativeness, and interactivity. More specifically, their expressive characteristics can be understood through four characteristics: the direct representation through borrowing, the diversity of message expression, the immersion through unreality, and the narrative construction via editing. Collectively, these characteristics demonstrate how new media fashion collections emphasize themes by using digital technology to borrow or transform old media content. Digital technologies allow fashion collections to unfold across limitless space-time dimensions, positioning them as versatile communication media and enhancing expressive possibilities. These approaches reflect how fashion collections in the digital era integrate technological elements to enrich communication and viewer engagement. This research contributes to the positioning of fashion collections as a form of media and offers a framework for analyzing their evolving expressions. Further, it highlights the need for continued interdisciplinary research bridging fashion, technology, and media theory.

Sialadenoma papilliferum is a rare benign salivary gland tumor, accounting for approximately 0.4–1.2% of all salivary gland neoplasms. It most commonly occurs in the hard palate, followed by the soft palate, buccal mucosa, upper lip, and, rarely, the esophagus. The condition is typically asymptomatic and is often discovered incidentally during routine oral examinations. We report the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with pain in the left hard palate and was referred to Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital. Enhanced CT revealed a 1.5-cm ovoid lesion in the left paramedian hard palate. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of sialadenoma papilliferum, and based on the radiological findings, surgical excision was performed under general anesthesia. The microscopic histopathological examination of the specimen (size: 1.0 x 0.7 cm) revealed papillary proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium with hyperkeratosis and underlying ductal structures lined by mucin-producing cells with mucinous material in the cystic spaces.

Intraductal papilloma is a rare benign epithelial neoplasm of the salivary duct system, characterized by papillary proliferation of ductal epithelium into a cystic lumen. It predominantly occurs in minor salivary glands, particularly in the lips and buccal mucosa, and is rarely found in the mandibular region. We report a case of intraductal papilloma in the left retromolar trigone of a 46-year-old woman. Clinically, the lesion presented as a painless, well-circumscribed bluish submucosal mass. Radiographic findings were nonspecific, and a provisional diagnosis of hemangioma was made. The lesion was surgically excised under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed a cystic cavity lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells with intraluminal papillary projections, consistent with intraductal papilloma. Scattered mucous-producing cells were also noted. No evidence of recurrence was noted at the 24-month follow-up. This case highlights the importance of histopathological confirmation in diagnosing intraoral submucosal lesions.

Paradental cysts characteristically develop adjacent to the cervical margin on the lateral aspect of a tooth root and result from inflammatory processes within the periodontal pocket. Standard management usually involves cyst enucleation while striving to retain the affected tooth. Recurrence rates are infrequent following complete removal of the lesion. However, intentional replantation becomes necessary in cases with anatomical constraints or accessibility issues. We present the case of a 13-year-old female patient exhibiting delayed eruption of the mandibular left second molar, attributed to a cystic lesion located on the lingual-coronal aspect of the tooth.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts are developmental cysts that occur in the jaw that account for approximately 7%–17% of all cysts in the jaws. Studies have shown that malignant transformation of odontogenic cysts most often occurs in inflammatory cysts, such as periapical cysts, but malignant transformation of orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts has also been reported. In this report, we present an uncommon case of squamous cell carcinoma arising from an orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that arises from an abnormal increase in histiocytes. Due to its rare occurrence, the diagnosis of LCH is often delayed or missed. This report presents a case of LCH in a 16-month-old girl. After biopsy, the patient’s previous medical records were obtained. The records described the presence of a yellowish plaque on the forehead since birth, a characteristic feature of LCH. Earlier knowledge of this medical history would have helped facilitate the diagnosis of LCH. This report aims to inform clinicians of the clinical and histopathological features of LCH in order to aid in the early diagnosis of this disease, which can occur in infancy.

Synovial cysts of the temporomandibular joint are rare. They commonly occur in the wrist, knee and feet. The main symptoms of synovial cysts occurring in the temporomandibular joint include preauricular pain and swelling, and surgical removal is the gold-standard treatment. A 54-year-old woman who presented with swelling of the right temporomandibular joint visited Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital. She had undergone enhanced computed tomography from another hospital, which showed a 1.1 × 0.8 × 1 cm well-defined rounded cystic lesion on the lateral area of the right temporomandibular joint. A synovial or ganglion cyst was suspected. The cystic lesion was surgically removed under general anesthesia and was histopathologically diagnosed as a synovial cyst. Histopathological findings show a lumen surrounded by loose fibrous tissue, and the lining is in a folded form and is composed of synovial cells.

Orthokeratienized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a comparatively unusual developmental odontogenic cyst arising from odontogenic epithelium. Recurrence has rarely been noted, and has been reported in less than 2% of cases. Epidermoid cyst (EDC) is a benign cystic lesion, which is lined by stratified squamous epithelium and includes keratin debris. They can present anywhere in the body but are rare in the head and neck areas. In this report, we present an uncommon case of simultaneous occurrence of OOC in mandible and EDC around the areas of both ears in a patient who has no history of genetic syndrome.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B), which is an autosomal dominant hamartoneoplastic syndrome, is a genetic syndrome. Patients with this syndrome are characterized by multiple mucosal neuromas on the tongue, lips, eyelid margins, and conjunctiva with marfanoid habitus, thick and protruding lips, open bite, and maxillary central diastema. Multiple oral mucosal neuromas are known to appear before the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or pheochromocytoma. Therefore, understanding the oral symptoms is very important for the early diagnosis of this syndrome. We report multiple submucosal neuromas in a 19-year-old male patient diagnosed with MEN2B and review this syndrome.

Dentigerous cyst is considered one of the representative cystic lesions, which accounts for approximately 15%-30% of the odontogenic cysts. Although its recurrence rate is low, a small proportion of dentigerous cysts converted into ameloblastomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Here we present an uncommon case characterized by histopathological transformation from a dentigerous cyst to an ameloblastoma, and further investigate the factors contributing to its conversion.

With few reported cases, cystic hygroma is known to occur mainly in patients under the age of two years. Cystic hygroma can eventuate in any area; however, it mostly occurs in the cervicofacial area. If cystic hygroma occurs in this area, then the lesion may be related to the vital structures. Therefore, a complete surgical resection may be impossible and difficult to perform. This incident affects the high recurrence rate of cystic hygroma. The purpose of this report is to present a case of cystic hygroma occurring on the left side of the neck of a 47-year-old male patient as well as a review of literatures.

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) is an endangered animal species in all its habitats worldwide, including South Korea. The imbalanced sex ratio in fragmented habitats is closely associated with extinction. Therefore, sex identification using wild animal samples would be necessary. However, only a few studies have been reported about the sex identification of gorals. In this study, we thus aimed at comparing the efficiency of sex identification using various goral sample types as templates and the amelogenin (AMEL) and DEAD-box polypeptide 3 (DDX3) genes as target sequences. We extracted DNA from goral feces, tissues, and blood samples, then amplified the AMEL (SE47/SE48 and SE47/SE53 primer pairs) and DDX3 genes for sex identification, comparing the goral DDX3X and DDX3Y target sequences to those in cattle. Our results indicated that the tissue- and blood sample-derived AMEL amplicons showed an unspecific band pattern containing the sex-specific band in the case of both primer pairs we used, whereas the DDX3 amplicon showed only the sex-specific band. In the case of the feces samples, only the sex-specific band was amplified using both the AMEL and DDX3 primer pairs. However, we found that the DDX3 amplicon exhibited a clearer band pattern than the AMEL amplicon. Then, we compared the DDX3X and DDX3Y target sequences between cattle and gorals. We found 5 and 8 nucleotide differences in the DDX3X and DDX3Y sequences, respectively. In conclusion, the DDX3 gene-related sex identification of the long-tailed goral appears to be more efficient and precise than the AMEL gene-related approach. This method could be used for the sex identification of the members of the Bovidae family.

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign lesion of oral mucosa. It has an unclear etiology, and it mainly occurs in the oral cavity; however, it can be found in other locations as well. Oral VX is often clinically confused with papilloma, leukoplakia, condyloma, verruca vulgaris, verrucous carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma; therefore, biopsy is required to accurately diagnose this lesion. Our study reports four cases of oral VX with different clinical features but similar histopathological characteristics to emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis.

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor characterized by various sites of metastasis, malignant transformation, and a high recurrence rate over time. Ameloblastic carcinoma(AC) is the term reserved for an ameloblastoma with histologic evidence of malignancy in the primary tumor. AC is classified into two types: most ACs occur de novo, and only few cases of malignant transformation of ameloblastoma become apparent. Here, we report a case of AC, arising from recurrent acanthomatous ameloblastoma on the maxillary sinus, in a 60-year-old male patient. The mass was first diagnosed as acanthomatous ameloblastoma; subsequently, surgical curettage was performed thrice while partial maxillectomy was performed twice. On the fifth recurrence, the tumor was identified as AC.

Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, KFD) is a benign self-limiting lesion that can self-heal when no severe symptoms are present. KFD resembles tuberculous lymphadenitis and malignant lymphoma. Thus, early differential diagnosis will minimize unnecessary evaluation and treatment. Histological examination of a lymph node biopsy or fine needle aspiration could be a reliable method for KFD diagnosis. This study reports a case of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis of the right cervical lymph node in a 52-year-old female patient. According to the fine needle aspiration biopsy result, the patient was diagnosed with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and treated with prednisolone (15 mg/day). After treatment, there was no recurrence or adverse event.