The main goal of the Korean VLBI Network Calibrator Survey (KVNCS) is to expand the VLBI calibrators catalog for KVN, KaVA(KVN and VERA Array), EAVN(East-Asian VLBINetwork), and other extended regions. The secondKVNCS (KVNCS2) aimed to detect VLBI fringes of new candidates for calibrators in the K band. Out of the 1533 sources whose single-dish flux density in the K band was measured with KVN telescopes (Lee et al. 2017), 556 sources were observed with KVN in the K band. KVNCS2 confirmed the detection of VLBI fringes of 424 calibrator candidates over a single baseline. All detected sources had a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of >25. Finally, KVNCS2 confirmed 347 new candidates as VLBI calibrators in the K band, resulting in a 5% increase in the sky coverage compared to previous studies. The spatial distribution was quasi-uniform across the observable region (Dec. > −32.5◦). In addition, the possibility as calibrator candidates for the detected sources was checked, using an analysis of the flux-flux relationship. Ultimately, the KVNCS catalog will not only become the VLBI calibrator list but is also useful as a database of compact radio sources for astronomical studies.

The purpose of this study is to provide ideas for the development of bag design by analyzing the expression types and aesthetic formativeness of modern bag design using tassels and fringe given the newtro trend pursuing analog sensitivity in modern society. The methods and scope of this study are as follows. First, the related literature and internet data were reviewed in order to examine the expression types and characteristics of the bags of the West and East. Next, the definition and characteristics of tassel and fringe decoration in terms of the history of clothing were analyzed. Finally, the expression types and aesthetic formativeness of tassels and fringe were derived through the analysis of modern bag design shown in the fashion collections since 2010. The bags decorated with the tassels and fringe bring a variety of visual effects depending on the attachment position, direction and material composition, concentrating the gaze and radiating original style. In this study, the expression of tassels and fringe in modern bag design was classified into three types: surface decoration, shape variability, and object combination. Next, the aesthetic formativeness of modern bag design using tassels and fringe as decorative elements appeared through the mixture of heterogeneous materials and playfulness through imagination, exaggeration through extension of length and volume, and retro characteristics through reinterpretation of tradition. This study is expected to contribute to creative ideas of modern bag design which requires a global sense, which has been used in various cultures for a long time.

The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) is the largest solar telescope in China. When using CCDs for imaging, equal-thickness fringes caused by thin-film interference can occur. Such fringes reduce the quality of NVST data but cannot be removed using standard flat fielding. In this paper, a correction method based on multi-scale decomposition and adaptive partitioning is proposed. The original image is decomposed into several sub-scales by multi-scale decomposition. The region containing fringes is found and divided by an adaptive partitioning method. The interference fringes are then filtered by a frequency-domain Gaussian filter on every partitioned image. Our analysis shows that this method can effectively remove the interference fringes from a solar image while preserving useful information.

본 연구는 모아레 현상을 이용하여 구조물의 평면부재의 변형을 탐지하는 방식을 개발하였다. 평행선형상인 기존연구와 비교하여 본 연구의 원형형상은 변형 시 고유한 무늬가 나타나 변형의 방향도 시각적으로 인지할 수 있었다. 또한 변형을 확실하고 자동 으로 구분할 수 있도록 기계학습의 이미지분류를 사용하여 탐지한 결과 이미지 표면이 오염되더라도 KNN, SVM방식으로는 95%의 인식률, AlexNet과 Gogglenet Inception으로는 99%의 인식률을 보여 실현장활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Landscapes are dynamic and therefore they experience frequent changes over time. This research analyzed the landscape changes and spatial characteristics of woodlands in an urban fringe landscape to provide information for the sustainable landscape ecological planning. The results showed that the studied landscape changed between 2002 and 2014 mainly due to new road construction and residential development. Several landscape ecological indicators were used to assess the woodland changes and the overall effect of woodland changes on the landscape structure. The results of the landscape ecological analysis revealed a decrease in patch size of less 5ha (n=13) and between 5ha and 9.9ha (n=2). AWSI decreased from 4.03 in 2002 to 3.89 in 2014, and MND increased from 38.41m in 2002 to 49.12m in 2014, and SDI of land cover type decreased from 1.16 in 2002 to 0.18 in 2014. The results suggest that woodlands have become smaller and more isolated. The shape of the woodlands has also become simpler and more regular. These spatial woodland changes adversely impact the biodiversity. For further information on landscape ecological conditions, a more comprehensive analysis based on more landscape ecological metrics and ecological information such as habitats and species surveys is needed in future studies.

The worldwide conversion of natural lands into urban land uses is the most significant process affecting landscape character and ecological conditions. The aim of this research was to analyze the changes of landscape character and ecological conditions to provide comprehensive information to assist policy makers in meeting wider sustainability objectives in an urban fringe landscape. The result indicated that the landscape experienced the decrease in woodland cover (-22.70%) and agricultural land cover (-10.30%) between 2002 and 2014. However, the urban land cover sharply increased from 5.07% in 2002 to 38.07% in 2014. Due to their location on the edge of the core urban area, this landscape character unit had been under increasing pressure from new built developments. Development pressures include housing expansion from adjoining urban areas, and business developments particularly associated with key road intersections and expansions of public infrastructure. Furthermore, the landscape had been changing rapidly as massive high-rise apartment developments were built as the core urban area expands, with the removal of woodlands and arable fields. These landscape changes in the study area had a strong impact on landscape character for this period. The index of landscape heterogeneity declined from 0.802 in 2002 to 0.712 in 2014. The index of area weighted mean woodland patch shape was decreased from 3.196 in 2002 to 2.784 in 2014. The result suggested that it became a more homogeneous landscape and had less species and a less stable ecological structure for this period. This research only used the index of landscape heterogeneity for landscape ecological analysis. For more ecological information, a more comprehensive analysis based on landscape ecological metrics is needed in future researches.

In general, it is required mechanical properties and strength tests to use the material in engineering applications. The material fringe values of photoelastic materials vary with the supplier, the batch of resin, temperature and age, it is necessary to calibrate each of sheet of photoelastic material at the time of the test. In this paper, we perform tensile tests and calibrations tests for photoelastic stress fringe constant in order to obtain the mechanical properties of materials and photoelastic material fringe constants of PMMA and PSM-1. From this tests, the tensile strength of PMMA and PSM-1 were 100.5 MPa and 71.5 MPa, respectively. Also, the measured material stress fringe constants of PMMA and PSM-1 were 13.33 N/mm and 6.91 N/mm, respectively.

In a photoelastic experiment, it is necessary to know the material stress fringe constant of the photoelastic specimen to determine the stresses from the measured isochromatic fringe orders. This type of compensator was proposed by the previous researchers. The recent image processing development of the stress pattern provide a means for making convenient compensator. The material stress fringe constant is determined using the distributions of isochromatic fringes in the wedge shaped plate under tensile load. The stress fringe constant measured with this method is applied to obtain the stress distribution along the central line on the tapered shank of the wedge-shaped plate. Photoelastic results using the measured material fringe constant are compared with FEM analysis. Two results are comparable, so it can be seen for the measured material fringe constant to be valid.

Many polymers exhibits sufficient birefringence to be used as photoelastic specimen material. Common polymers as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are often used as photoelastic specimen. In a photoelastic experiment, it is necessary to know the material fringe constant of the photoelastic specimen to determine the stresses from the measured isochromatic fringe orders. The material stress fringe constant is determined using the simple tension specimen. The stress fringe constant measured with this method is applied to obtain the stress distribution in a tensile plate with a circular hole. Photoelastic results using the measured material fringe constant are compared with FEM analysis. Two results are comparable, so it can be seen for the measured material fringe constant to be valid.

최근 Fringe-Field Switching (FFS) 모드는 모든 고화질 액정디스플레이에 적용되고 있다. FFS 모드의 전기광학 특성은 전극 구조, 위상지연값, 러빙각, 셀갭, 액정의 유전율 이방성 (Δε) 크기 및 부호와 같은 셀 및 액정 변수에 따라 크게 의존한다. 본 연구에서는 FFS 모드에서 유전율 이방성의 부호가 다르지만 크기가 동일한 조건에서 FFS모드의 전기광학 특성을 연구하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 전압 인가시 Δε 절대값이 같더라도 유전율 이방성이 음인 액정의 경우가 탄성변형이 용이해 유전율 이방성 양인 액정에 비해 구동 전압이 약 10% 정도 낮은 결과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 FFS모드의 본질을 이해하는데 큰 도움을 준다고 확신한다.

This study consists of an observation of the changes in management and agricultural production of Shinbuk-eup based on the data from the Agricultural, Forestry & Census Report Survey. The following is a short summary and suggestions of the research. First, taking a look at the farming conditions of Shinbuk-eup, it shows that it is extremely polarized into rice paddies and vegetable cropping. Second, using the Tobit model to analyze the factor of determination of farmable lands of the farmers in Shinbuk-eup, the higher the number of family members, the less the hired work, and the more the experience in farming, have larger farmable lands. Meanwhile, the younger the farmer, their land mass is higher, however, after reaching their threshold age, their lands decrease.

Does an industry go to monopoly when there is no policy control? Supposing there are only a dominant firm and a competitive fringe in an industry with constant returns of scale, which play Stackelberg game, we analyze the industry concentration change if the dominant firm is permitted to acquire the competitive fringe. It is showed that the industry will be in monopoly if there is no investment, or not enough investment of the fringe.

In terms of the indicators by the type for the landscape plan per the district nit, geographic ecology indicators were the items such as water, water system, topography and climate, while biological ecology indicators were the items such as green zone size, green zone ratio, biotope size and distribution. The sensory and visual indicators were the items such as view point, view axis and skyline, and the accessibility indicator items for the green zone were applied as the socially used indicators. As for the application method according to each indicator, the water or water system was expressed and applied through the slopes and elevation topographic analysis drawings, the climate was expressed and applied through the main direction of the wind and the cold wind pass alley drawings. As for the green zone size and green zone ratio, the land use according to the status and housing area development was compared to present the measured figures. In case of the biotop size and the distribution item, the range was limited to the preparation of the biotope drawings for the focused preservation. As for the view point and view axis, the view point was selected according to the view point to prepare and apply the view analysis drawing in which the view area to be preserved is analyzed. As for the skyline, its landscape photo was composed with the housing area shape, and then skyline photography was applied as the plan in order to propose and consider the various shapes of the skyline. As for the accessibility to the peen zone, the network drawing was drawn to reflect the users' accessibility and continuity of the green zone formed and preserved according to the land use plan and then the drawing was prepared and proposed as the applicable plan.

The purpose of this research was to investigate and analyse how Community Forest Initiatives as urban fringe management initiatives made alliances with a variety of interest groups, enrol them in the urban fringe management processes using the Actor Network Theory. The Thames Chase Community Forest Initiative was selected and its area of operation included a 97 km2 area of green-belt area in East London. It was a instrument far improving and protecting the unique characteristics of the countryside landscape from urban developments as well as evaluating the impact of forestry inclusion in land use planning in the urban fringe. It was operated through a tiered structure comprising the Thames Chase Joint Committee and the management team. They employed a variety of devices to speak with one voice to bring about an effective operation process and to secure the enrolment of a variety of interest groups in its operational processes. Of note, the initiative's actor network impacted on improvement to and management of the countryside landscape despite not owning any land itself. As a result, when urban fringe management initiatives will be launched in South Korea to achieve a more effective and efficient urban fringe management, local councillors and representatives from public and non-government bodies should be more responsive to local communities' views and needs and work more vigorously on their behalf through lobbying, seeking media support, and so on. Moreover, better understanding and communication between local authorities' officers and management initiatives' teams are essential to avoid duplication of work practice.