In this study, to control the heading angle of a ship, which is constantly subjected to various internal and external disturbances during the voyage, an LADRC (linear active disturbance rejection control) design that focuses more on improving the disturbance removal performance was proposed. The speed rate of change of the ship’s heading angle due to the turn of the rudder angle was selected as a significant factor, and the nonlinear model of the ship’s maneuvering equation, including the steering gear, was treated as a total disturbance. It is the similar process with an LADRC design for the first-order transfer function model. At this time, the gains of the controller included in LADRC and the gains of the extended state observer were tuned to RCGAs (real-coded genetic algorithms) to minimize the integral time-weighted absolute error as an evaluation function. The simulation was performed by applying the proposed GA-LADRC controller to the heading angle control of the Mariner class vessel. In particular, it was confirmed that the proposed controller satisfactorily maintains and follows the set course even when the disturbances such as nonlinearity, modelling error, uncertainty and noise of the measurement sensor are considered.

사무엘 테일러 콜리지의(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)의 노수부의 노래 는 20 세기 중요한 철학적 개념이었던 실존주의에 나타난 부조리성 인식과 구원의 문 제를 매우 극명하게 보여주고 있다. 인간의 합리적 물음에 대답하지 않는 세계 의 비합리적인 침묵 사이의 대립 과정은 노수부가 겪게 되는 일련의 초자연적 인 상황을 통해 드러난다. 노수부의 노래 는 여러 부조리한 상황을 매우 사실 적으로 보여주고 있다. 이 작품은 여러 측면에서 현대 실존주의 문학이 천착하 고 있는 주제를 매우 선구적으로 보여주며, 궁극적으로 현대 실존주의적 관점에 서 삶의 부조리성과 구원의 의미를 제시한다. 이런 관점에서, 노수부가 겪게 되 는 과정을 통해 삶의 부조리한 비극을 촉발하는 것은 무엇이고, 극단적인 부조 리한 상황에 부닥쳤을 때 인간은 어떤 구원을 기대할 수 있으며, 또 그러한 구 원의 실질적인 의미는 무엇인지 살펴보는 것은 매우 의미 있는 시도라고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로 노수부는 자신의 행동에 대한 죄의식이라는 관점에서 인간이 처한 상황의 부조리성과 그것에 대한 자각을 통한 구원의 문제를 보여준다.

사무엘 테일러 콜리지는 영국의 낭만주의 시대를 열었고,예이츠는 낭만 주의 정신을 물려받은 현대 시인이다.콜리지가 예이츠에게 준 영향은 다른 낭만주의 시인들에 비해 결코 적지 않다.특히,바다를 배경으로 선원들의 초현실적인 경험을 다루고 있는 예이츠의 극작품 그림자 드리운 바다 와 콜리지의 시,“노수부의 노래” 는 두 시인의 시대적 차이에도 불구하고 상징적 기법,작품의 배경,분위기 등 에서 매우 유사한 작품이다.두 작품 모두 바다,새,사중생,해와 달 등에 유사한 상징적 의미를 부여했다는 점에서 예이츠가 콜리지에게서 많은 영감을 얻었음을 확인 할 수 있다.

We have identified ATTIRTA1 transposon, a kind of mariner-type DNA transposon from Brassica rapa genome. A total of 811 inverted-terminal repeat, ITR consisting of the both terminal on ATTIRTA1 transposon were found from B. rapa v1.1 sequence. Among them 616 ITR were paired by two in each transposon, indicating three quarters of the transposon exists in original form. Around 10 percentage of the transposon, 82 ITR was located in gene, expecially only in intron. Using these ATTRRTA1, we developed a display system modified from AFLP technique and applied for this system to analyze genetic diversity of Korea Brassica rapa core collection. The collection includes 220 accessions representing the different morphotypes and geographical origin. The analysis of population structure revealed five subgroups and the clustering patterns matched well with their morphological traits. ATTIRTA1 transposon display seems useful marker system for studying genetic relationships. Presently we have profiled the components and contents of glucosinolate in the core collection to analyze genome wide association. This collection will be helpful to identify agriculturally desirable traits from other supspecies.

This study aims to identify the degree of safety when mariners take their actions in several different situations. We have carried out many experiments to observe mariners' behavior and then measured the safety level based on their actions to avoid dangerous situations of ships collision. One of the most important actions that mariners have to take, either as their daily routine or when they are in a collision situation and then want to avoid that situation is the lookout. In this paper, behaviors on the lookout have been defined as a standard sequence of three steps which are "time of first detection", "time of recognition as risky vessel" and "time of starting avoiding action", and the suitability and applicability of the definition have been shown. And also we propose the risk assessment on ships collision and the recommendation for reducing ships collision at sea. Some analyzing results and the application of the results are reported. By combining these knowledge and some systematic studies, we propose the risk assessment on ships collision and the recommendation for reducing ships collision at sea.

The objective of this study was to compare the attitude of merchant marine student of Thailand in 3 aspects; cognitive, affective and behavioral classified by institutes, domiciles, parent's occupation, parent's income per month, motivation and information receiving concerning mariner profession. The sample used in this study consisted of 867students in maritime institutes of Thailand. The instrument implemented in collecting data was a set of 30 five rating scale questionnaires. The statistical methods applied in analyzing the data were mean, standard deviation, t-test and one way analysis of variance and fisher's LSD. The results of this research shows that the attitude in vocational education of Thai merchant marine student was of the high in every aspect. Attitude for mariner profession of Thai merchant marine student in terms of different institutes had different in all aspects. In terms of different domiciles, it shows different attitude in affection and similar attitude in cognition and behavior. In terms of parent's occupation, it shows similar in all aspects. In terms of parent's income per month, it shows different attitude in cognition and affection and similar attitude in behavior. In terms of motivation, it shows similar in all aspects. In terms of information receiving concerning mariner profession, it shows different attitude in all aspects.

The safety degree of navigation for collision avoidance is closely related with the combination between mariner's behavior and navigational environment. The condition of navigational environment is mainly decided by navigable waters, ship traffic, rule of road, sea state, weather and so on. Especially, the condition of navigable waters and ship traffic in navigational environment are ones of the important factors to attain safe navigation when mariners are underway and crossing, head on or overtaking situation. Thus this paper is to analyze the characteristics of mariner's behavior for collision avoidance caused by ship traffic and navigable waters by analyzing the contents of questionnaire and the results of international collaborative research. As a result, it can be concluded that the density of ship traffic and the area of navigable waters affect mariner's ship handling for collision avoidance.

본 연구는 선박 조종에 영향을 주는 대표적 요인들(충돌위험 정도, 목표선박의 항로변경 여부 및 주변 선박 수)을 체계적으로 조작한 조건들에서 항해사의 상황인식 훈련이 항해사의 선박 조종 능력에 어떠한 차이를 가져오는지 선박조종시뮬레이터를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 항해와 관련된 상황인식 훈련을 받은 조건에서 실험참가자들은 여러 선박 조종 요소들(목표선박과의 거리 유지와 충돌 비율)에서 훈련을 받지 않은 조건에 비해 수행이 우수하였다. 둘째, 훈련을 받지 않은 실험참가자들은 목표선박이 평시상황에서 항로를 변경하는 경우 선박 조종에 가장 큰 어려움을 겪었으나 훈련 이후에는 이러한 경향이 크게 감소하여 동일한 조건에서 수행이 향상되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하면, 선박 조종에서의 상황인식에 대한 여러 요소들의 훈련은 항해사들의 기본적 선박 조종능력에서 우수한 수행을 이끌 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

이 논문에서 필자들은 유럽과 중국에서 거의 비슷한 시기에 나침반이 항해에 이용되었음을 역사적 기록과 최근까지의 연구성과들을 검토함으로써 밝히고자 하였다. 그 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동서양 문명권에서 항해자들이 나침반을 항해에 이용하기까지 비슷한 과정을 거쳤다. 즉 표침, 축침, 콤파스 카드 순으로 항해용 나침반을 개발하여 사용하였다. 둘째, Frode의 사가(saga)를 고려해 볼 때 중국과 유럽에서는 11세기 경에 나침반을 항해에 이용하였다. 결론적으로 중국인들이 세계 최초로 나침반을 항해에 이용했다는 기존 주장과는 달리, 중국인들과 유럽인들은 거의 비슷한 시기에 서로 독자적으로 나침반을 항해에 이용하였다.

As the education of maritime college has a characteristics of seafaring professional institutions, the potential benefit following from the employment of seafarers would put substantial impact on it. The socio-economic position of seafaring occupations has been deteriorated considerably with changes of ship's auto-mation, specialisation and low cost operation management of shipping companies through severe internatio-nal competitions. The quality and number of applicants for the maritime college has declined and most students have no hopes for the study of seafaring subjects which followed bewildering in their college days. However, the demands for seafarers are fairly large from the viewpoint of national maritime industry. The maritime institutions should not only meet these demands but also revitalise students by reforming the educational contents. The contents should be influenced by the social approach to educational needs in particular maritime shore-oriented subjects. The maritime education is no more restricted to the sea, it covers the land based world of the maritime industry as well. The new contents will lead the maritime educated students to the shore-based occupa-tions after finishing their seafaring if they want to. This may not only make ways to the maritime educa-tion fruitable, but also the students have a zeal and hope for the subjects taught.