Background: Embryo implantation is a complex process regulated by interactions between endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. The endometrium plays a critical role in this process, providing a supportive environment for embryo attachment. However, conventional 2D cell culture models fail to fully replicate the complex 3D structure and cellular interactions of the endometrium. To overcome these limitations, 3D organoid models have been developed to better mimic the in vivo endometrial environment. Methods: In this study, a multicellular uterine organoid model was developed using porcine endometrial epithelial cells (pEECs) and porcine endometrial stromal cells (pESCs) to evaluate the effects of the endometrial environment on embryo implantation. First, single-cell endometrial organoids (pEOs) were formed by culturing pEECs in Matrigel, and their basic cellular characteristics were assessed. Then, a multicellular uterine organoid model was established by combining pEOs with pESCs. Finally, porcine embryos were co-cultured with this model to examine its effect on embryo attachment. Results: The multicellular uterine organoid model facilitated embryo attachment, demonstrating that the 3D structure and cellular interactions of the endometrium play a significant role in embryo implantation. The presence of both epithelial and stromal cells contributed to a more physiologically relevant environment that supported embryo adhesion. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a multicellular uterine organoid model can serve as a useful in vitro system for porcine embryo implantation research. This model may contribute to a better understanding of embryo development and implantation mechanisms, with potential applications in regenerative medicine and biotechnology.

췌장암은 발생률 비례 생존율이 가장 낮은 암으로, 5년 생존율이 8% 미만이며 최초 진단 환자의 10-15%만 수술이 가능한 것으로 알려져 있다. 오가노이드는 형태와 기능면에서 본래 조직의 형태와 기능을 잘 반영하며, 배양법을 최적화 함에 따라 개별 환자 유래 종양 조직에서 높은 효율로 배양할 수 있다. 오가노이드는 개별 환자 유래 종양 조직에서 높은 수립율을 보이므로 개인 맞춤형 치료 모델에 적합하다. 하지만 오가노이드를 기반으로 한 개인 맞춤형 의료가 임상에서 적용되기 위해서는 실험의 정확도 측면에서 약물 스크리닝 플랫폼의 개선이 필요하다.

The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that reside in dental tissues hold a great potential for future applications in regenerative dentistry. In this study, we used human dental pulp cells, isolated from the molars (DPCs), in order to establish the organoid culture. DPCs were established after growing pulp cells in an MSC expansion media (MSC-EM). DPCs were subjected to organoid growth media (OGM) in comparison with human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Inside the extracellular matrix in the OGM, the DPCs and DPSCs readily formed vessel-like structures, which were not observed in the MSC-EM. Immunocytochemistry analysis and flow cytometry analysis showed the elevated expression of CD31 in the DPCs and DPSCs cultured in the OGM. These results suggest endothelial cell-prone differentiation of the DPCs and DPSCs in organoid culture condition.