본 논문의 목적은 한국인 대학생을 대상으로 하여, 중국어의 수용적 어휘량과 생 산적 어휘량의 차이, 수용적 어휘와 생산적 어휘의 난이도 차이를 분석하는 데 있다. 분석 결과 생산적 어휘 정답률 27.66%이고 생산적 어휘량은 691.5개로 분석되었다. 수용적 어휘 정답률은 74.57%이고 어휘량은 1864개였다. 수용적 어휘량과 생산적 어 휘량은 거의 세 배 차이가 났다. 같은 어휘여도 생산적 어휘 지식이 더 어렵다는 것 을 알 수 있었다. 다음은 문항반응이론에 입각한 난이도 분석 결과다. 첫째, 수용적 어휘와 생산적 어휘는 HSK 급수가 높아질수록 난이도가 높아졌다. 둘째, 수용적 어휘에 비해 생산적 어휘의 난이도는 상당히 높았다. 셋째, 수용적 어휘와 생산적 어휘 목록이 비대칭을 보였다. 예를 들어 HSK 2급 어휘 ‘雪, 教室, 左边’은 수용적 지식 난이도 목록에서는 ‘매우 쉽다’, ‘쉽다’에 속했지만 생산적 어휘 목록에서는 ‘어렵다’에 속했다.

This study investigated whether the framework of writing for English learners should be guided by the well-established reading-writing relation or by the receptive and productive nature of literacy skills. The writings of 209 advanced English learners in Korea were analyzed in relation to receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension while controlling for writing fluency. Two sets of structural equation models were fitted: (1) productive skills (productive vocabulary and writing fluency) mediating receptive skills (receptive vocabulary and reading) and (2) reading mediating receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The results supported the second model in which reading completely mediated the contribution of receptive and productive vocabulary to writing. Although there were no direct effects of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge, both had significant indirect effects on writing through reading and writing fluency. These results show that reading has a strong direct effect on writing above and beyond vocabulary, and that vocabulary knowledge contributes to writing development through reading.

The present study aims to investigate the direct and indirect contributions of Korean EFL college students’ L2 receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge to their L2 writing performances by using a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with a goal to explore the pathways of vocabulary knowledge to writing. Data from 178 students were collected through tests of receptive and productive vocabulary breadth and depth, a writing test and a reading test. In testing a hypothesized model on the roles of receptive and productive vocabulary in writing, the results of the SEM analysis reveal the direct role of productive vocabulary in writing. The indirect role of receptive vocabulary on writing was observed through the mediating role of productive vocabulary or reading ability due to the direct contribution of receptive vocabulary to both productive vocabulary and reading and that of productive vocabulary and reading to writing. Findings from the study shed light on the relations of L2 receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge with L2 writing abilities, suggesting potential benefits of both receptive and productive vocabulary learning for L2 writing.

This article reports on a study that compared EFL freshman university students’receptive and productive recall vocabulary knowledge and their ability to use that knowledge, as it remains unclear in the literature to what extent knowledge of vocabulary, especially productive knowledge, is indicative of learners’ ability to use vocabulary to communicate. The study first measured the vocabulary size of 169students from 24 majors. Next, deeper meaning word knowledge and vocabulary userelated knowledge were assessed by administering depth tests to 51 of the students who completed the size tests. The study found that the participants were able to use only 60.3% of the words that were known receptively and productively on the size tests, and that receptive deeper meaning vocabulary knowledge was 43.0% greater than productive knowledge. Finally, the study results support the concept of a vocabulary knowledge continuum, but highlight the importance of including both receptive and productive knowledge, as they were found to develop in a dissimilar manner.

Limited research on the PYLT (productive Vocabulary Levels Test) stimu lated the investigation into the relationship between the PYLT and Korean col lege students' productive vocabulary use in writing. For the purpose of the study, twenty five students (n=25) were asked to take the PVLT, perform translation tasks, and write an essay. They were also asked to write a reflection paper to examine their perceptions of the PVLT. The LFP (Lexical Frequency Profile) was employed to analyze the students' compositions to examine the relationships between their vocabulalY profiles and the PVLT. The results of the study indicated that there was no significant correlation between the PYLT and the LFP; the relationships between the PVLT and other variables were largely influenced by word frequency levels. These findings imply that the PVLT at the 2000 word frequency level represents the students' vocabulary knowledge in their compositions, and their writing proficiency. As for the perceptions of the PYLT, most of the students responded that the PVLT assessed their vocabulalY knowledge. Interestingly, they attributed both success and failure in providing correct answers to the test format of the PVL T. This study suggests that interpretation of the results of the PYLT should be associated with word frequency levels.

The realization that there is a mismatch between the vocabulary level presented in the Korean National Curriculum, and the required vocabulary size for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) high school learners to take the high-stakes Korean College Scholastic Ability Test stimulated the researchers of the present study to administer an assessment of Korean high school learners’ vocabulary sizes. Measurement of vocabulary knowledge was conducted with the adaptation of Nation’s bilingual vocabulary size test, receptive and productive, by improving construct validity of the items. Learners were tested for the 1st ~ 10th 1,000 word bands to ascertain learners’ vocabulary size at each level. The assessment of vocabulary size demonstrated receptive vocabulary knowledge to be as large as 6,000 words. However, unforeseen rises in the EFL learners’ vocabulary sizes at some word bands were observed, which seem to have emerged from the educational milieu and the predominant focus on receptive lexical knowledge and the testing of them. Suggestions are proposed for the revision of word list of the National Curriculum, which would become the blueprint for controlling vocabulary level in the development of national textbooks of English.

The purpose of this study is to show that using practical vocabulary learning activities can stimulate EFL learners" vocabulary enhancement through making sentences. Language practice with productive lexical output can be a very helpful way for EFL students to integrate their prior linguistic knowledge with newly-gained words, which will enhance their communicative performance. One hundred twenty students (n=120) performed two different activities (sentence-building with instructional feedback and rote-memorization), and their performances were examined by the text length in terms of lexical proficiency. The results of this study reveal that the experimental group (n=60) with sentence-building with instructional feedback seemed to evoke their lexical input and output together and did better at both than the control group (n=60) with rote-memorization. In vocabulary knowledge enhancement, the experiment group showed that they were likely to transfer a large amount of vocabulary they practiced to their language output effectively. With respect to vocabulary performance, the experimental group formed more meaningful structures with a longer sentence than the control group. This study implies that sentence-building as a language practice can be an effective way to incorporate a learner"s lexical knowledge into meaningful language use, and can lead to better communicative performance in English.