As maritime criminal activities are increasingly committed across the borders, States have come to establish mechanisms of international cooperation to be implemented in territorial seas. This article examines such mechanisms with regards to the crime of piracy and armed robbery at sea from the perspective of public international law. This article tackles the significance of the mechanisms imposed on the zonal approach, particularly paying attention to the nature of these crimes. It concludes that under the frameworks, States are allowed to pursue various objectives such as securing the safety of navigation, maintaining security, or protecting the local economy. They do not, however, fundamentally alter the nature of the zonal approach. Nonetheless, by setting up a forum of dialogue between the coastal States and the user States, it promotes maritime governance of territorial seas.

In this study, rye, Hairy beaches, pastures long and weighing many organic grazing cover crops can repress the uniforms, and the tractor was designed and built for mounting repression device. And identify appropriate working conditions and job factors and job performance by analyzing the correlation between the test results are as follows. Level 40∼50HP tractor for applying cover crops repression device width 2,400㎜, battling roller diameter is 380㎜, battling back after work uniforms repress blade for 4×100㎜, 640㎏ gross weight was optimized. Optimization of field test the tractor speed shift 1(0.45㎧∼0.53㎧) and in the repression and crop height 40∼ 60㎜ uniforms, respectively. Appropriate working conditions identified by weight in the roller by type by speed test results, the weight is heavy, long repression and squeezed me, speed was increased, the lower the efficiency of repression.

A. calcoaceticus C10은 CL 배지에서 -caprolactone 및 succinate에 의해 생육에 아무 영향도 받지 않았으나 adipate와 xylose에 의해서 균의 생육도가 증가하였다. 특히 이 균이 탄소원으로 이용할 수 없는 포도당에 의해서도 생육도가 증가하였으며 6시간 배양 후 0.2%의 포도당을 첨가한 경우에는 16시간 후 CL 배지에서 생육한 것보다 약 2배의 생육도를 냐타내었다. A. calcoacelicus C10이 생산하는 cyclohexanol dehydrogenase(CDH)는 -caprolactone, succinate, xylose 및 포도당에 의해 이화물 억제를 받지 않았으나 사이클로헥사놀 대사경로의 최종생산물인 adipate에 의하여 생합성 억제를 받았다. CL 배지에 0.1%의 adipate를 첨가한 배지에서는 CDH가 다소 유도되었으나 0.2%의 adipate를 첨가한 배지에서는 CDH가 거의 유도되지 않아 0.5%의 adipate를 첨가한 것과 비슷한 억제효과를 나타내었다.

개인 구원과 복음 전도적 선교에 집중하던 대한기독교회는 한국민족말 살정책으로 교회와 신앙을 지켜야 할 위기가 닥쳐오자 결연한 저항 운동을 전개했으며 순교를 각오하고 항거했다. 대한기독교회의 저항은 다른 형태의 저항과는 차이가 있었으나 진리 수호를 위해 실질적이며 구체적(역동적)으로 저항했다. 그러나 이와 같은 저항 역사의 유산은 객관적인 근거가 부족하여 규명되지 않았고 올바른 이해와 정당한 평가가 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 한국침례교는 대한기독교회의 신앙 정체성과 궤를 같이하는 저항 정신을 역사적 유산임을 확인하고 선진들의 용기, 헌신, 희생을 계승하고 물려주어야 할 책무를 위해 대한기독교회에 대한 역사 인식을 정립해야 할 것이다.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have a variety of flower colors which are controlled by six different genes (W1,W2,W3,W4,Wm, and Wp). Among these genes, mutation in W3 gene causes near white flowers in the background of w4 genotype whereas the genotype W3w4 does purple throat flowers. Earlier studies showed that dihydroflavonol 4-reductase1 (DFR1) gene was closely linked to the flower color variants for W3 locus. In order to find out the W3 gene responsible for w3 phenotype, we first, studied the candidate gene Glyma14g07940 (DFR1) which is having 100% similarity with DFR probe sequence. Sequence analysis of DFR1 between W3 and w3 soybeans showed one base substitution in exon 6 of w3 mutant soybean resulting in one amino acid change in the amino acid sequence. However, comparison of amino acid sequences of DFR proteins from various crop plants showed that there is no functional change in the protein. Besides, the promoter analysis showed that, 311 bp of indel was traced in 5’-upstream promoter region of DFR1 gene in the w3 mutant. Here, we show that the near white or purple throat phenotypes in G. max is associated with existence or nonexistence of indel at 5’- upstream promoter region and low or high expression of DFR1, respectively. These results suggest that w3 phenotype may be caused by certain regulator of DFR1 gene located near or distant from DFR1 in G. max. In further study, we need to check the correlation between promoter indel with W3 expression level through GUS analysis.

In some plant species, prolonged exposure to low temperature during the winter season is necessary to acquire the competence to flower in the following spring. This process, known as vernalization, is an epigenetic change in which a mitotically stable change of the developmental potential of the meristem (competence to flower) is maintained even in the absence of the inducing signal (prolonged cold exposure). In Arabidopsis, vernalization results in stable epigenetic repression of a potent floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Increased enrichment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and trimethylated Histone H3 Lys 27 (H3K27me3) at FLC chromatin is necessary for the stable maintenance of FLC repression by vernalization. A long intronic noncoding RNA (termed as COLDAIR) is required for the vernalization-mediated epigenetic repression of FLC. COLDAIR physically associates with a component of PRC2 and targets PRC2 to FLC. COLDAIR is required for establishing stable repressive chromatin at FLC through its interaction with PRC2. In addition, floral integrator genes are targets of PRC2 complex, resulting in delayed flowering time through repression mechanism of PRC2 complex. Recently another long non-coding RNA was isolated from floral integrator gene and characterized the function of this long non coding RNA.

내분비계 장애물질은 다양한 동물의 생식과 배아의 발생에 위해한 영향을 미친다고 보고되었다. 이러한 초기 배아의 비정상 발생 중 대표적인 것이 할구파편이다. 본 연구에서는 착상 전 생쥐 초기 배아를 PCB, BPA, DDT에 체내, 체외에서 각각 노출시켰다. 내분비계 장애 물질에 노출시켰던 배아는 할구파편, 불규칙한 할구와 깨짐, 일부 파괴된 투명대 배아 등의 다양한 형태학적 비정상 양상을 보였다. 착상 전 생쥐 초기배아의 세포괴사에 관여하는 유전자를 조