The strengthening of environmental regulations has raised interest in alternative energy and electric car. Secondary batteries are such energy storage device, and in this study, a secondary batteries production equipment parts will be manufactured. To this end, molds were designed and manufactured using numerical analysis. The reliability of analysis is to be confirmed through tensile tests and X-ray tests of products cast with manufactured molds. As the results of the casting method design parts was obtained as the average ultimate tensile strength of 178.23N/mm2, 173.85N/mm2 was recorded and good test results were achieved. It is considered that aluminum alloy research and heat treatment technology development should be carried out in the future.

Ni(Fe)Al powders containing a homogeneous distribution of the in-situ formed AIN and dispersoids have been produced by mechanical alloying process in a controlled atmosphere using high energy attrition mill. The powders have been successfully consolidated by hot extrusion process. The phase information investigated by TEM and XRD analysis reveals that Fe can be soluble up to 20% to the NiAl phase () at room temperature after MA process. Subsequent thermomechanical treatment under specific condition has been tried to induce secondary recrystallization (SRx) to improve high temperature properties, however, the clear evidence of SRx was not obtained in this material. Mechanical properties in term of strength at room temperature as well as at high temperatures have been improved by the addition pf AIN, and the room temperature ductility has been shown to be improved after heat treatment, presumably due to the precipitation of second phase of in this material.

This study evaluated the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of primary sludge, secondary sludge, and food waste in batch anaerobic mono-digestion tests, and investigated the effects of mixture ratio of those organic wastes on methane yield and production rate in batch anaerobic co-digestion tests, that were designed based on a simplex mixture design method. The BMP of primary sludge, secondary sludge and food waste were determined as 234.2, 172.7, and 379.1 mL CH4/g COD, respectively. The relationships between the mixing ratio of those organic wastes with methane yield and methane production rate were successfully expressed in special cubic models. Both methane yield and methane production rate were estimated as higher when the mixture ratio of food waste was higher. At a mixing ratio of 0.5 and 0.5 for primary sludge and food waste, the methane yield of 297.9 mL CH4/g COD was expected; this was 19.4% higher than that obtained at a mixing ratio of 0.3333, 0.3333 and 0.3333 for primary sludge, secondary sludge, and food waste (249.5 mL CH4/g COD). These findings could be useful when designing field-scale anaerobic digersters for mono- and co-digestion of sewage sludges and food waste.

방사선과 상호작용으로 단일 금 나노입자로부터 나타나는 2차 전자의 발생과 입자 크기, 입사 에너지 간 의 관계를 확인하였으며, 금 나노입자를 이용한 선량 증가 효과에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다. MCNPX MC code를 이용하여 Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션 기법을 적용하였으며, X선 에너지는 50, 100, 150 kV와 6, 15 MV를 사용하였다. 물 팬텀 내부에 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 nm 직경의 단일 금 나노입자를 위치 시켜 10 nm 간격으로 계수 체적을 지정하였다. 금 나노입자로부터 발생하는 전자의 차이는 입자가 없을 때를 기준으로 표준화하여 나타내었으며, X선의 에너지가 낮을수록, 금 입자의 직경이 클수록 많은 전자의 발생을 보였다. 에너지가 낮을수록 나노입자의 크기와 전자 발생 간 선형식에서 높은 기울기 값을 나타내 었으며, MV X선에 비해 kV X선에서 현저히 많은 전자의 발생을 보였다. 금 나노입자를 이용한 선량 증가 현상을 이해하기 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 추후 금 나노입자를 포함한 다양한 선량 증가 물질에 대한 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The production of adventitious roots derived from root explant of Echinacea angustifolia and its secondary metabolite content were assessed in different types and levels of auxin. The induction of adventitious roots from root explant cultured in Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) attained highest as 20.87 mg fresh weight and 3.07 mg dry weight per culture but root suspension culture at the same concentration of IBA enhanced biomass production as 3.07 g fresh weight and 0.38 g per culture after 4 weeks in culture. 3.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatment had similar effect on root biomass production as 3.07 g fresh weight and 0.38 g per culture with liquid suspension culture, whereas adventitious roots exposed to over 3.0-5.0 mg/L IBA or 5.0 mg/L NAA were less responsive by reducing the number of adventitious roots and/or changing root morphology such as short and thick. The content of secondary metabolites such as phenolic, flavonoids and total caffeic acid in adventitious roots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA were attained highest as 27.20, 9.60. 10.67 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Overall, the best production of root biomass and secondary metabolites were given by 1.0 mg/L IBA.

We have investigated that a couple of soft ferrite ceramic powders having a spinal structure have shown the effect on growth and secondary metabolites production of some medicinal plants cultured in vitro. The addition of the ceramic powders as bare state to culture medium has stimulated the growth of Achyranthes japonica callus and plantlet, adventitious root of Hyoscyamus niger and Platycodon grandiflorum hairy root about 65, 75, 150 and 50%, respectively. Whereas Centella asiatica callus and plantlet, Scopolia parviflora hairy root, and Hyoscyamus albus adventitious root were not affected markedly. Moreover, the ceramic powder has enhanced the growth of H. niger adventitious roots even under conditions of irradiating alone without any direct contact between ceramic powder and media. Based on growth stimulation effect, the ceramic powders have enhanced the gross production of tropane alkaloid in H. niger adventitious root, and polyacetylene in P. grandiflorum hairy root about 35 and 30%, respectively.