Background: Stroke patients have leg muscle weakness and impaired balance resulting in compensatory changes. To restore balance in these patients, functional training using postural strategy is needed. Objective: To examine the effects of ankle and hip strategy training on the center of pressure (COP) movement and limits of stability (LOS) in standing posture in stroke patients. Design: The study was an assessor-blinded and randomized-controlled clinical trial. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly assigned to an ankle strategy training group and a ankle/ hip strategy training group. Patients in the ankle strategy training group underwent ankle strategy exercise for 30 min, and those in the ankle/ hip strategy training group underwent 15 min of ankle strategy exercise and 15 min of hip strategy exercise. Both groups underwent training thrice a week for four weeks. Forward, backward, paretic side, and non-paretic side COP movements and LOS were measured using BioRescue. Results: After the intervention, except for the backward area in the ankle strategy training group, the COP movement area and the LOS were significantly improved in both the groups. In addition, these improvements were significantly higher in ankle/ hip strategy training group than that in the ankle strategy training group. Conclusions: Ankle strategy training in addition to hip strategy training improves COP movement (forward-backward, paretic side area, and nonparetic side area) and LOS in stroke patients.

This study explored the effects of note-taking training on Korean college students’ notes during academic English listening tests. A total of 61 college students were randomly assigned to two different groups: Group A that later received training in note-taking strategy and Group B that did not. Group A received note-taking strategy training on three separate times, totaling 60 minutes (30 minutes, 15 minutes, and 15 minutes) that spread out over two months. The two groups took listening tests before and after Group A was trained. The results showed the positive effects of the notetaking training in relation with the groups’ note-taking behaviors. After training, the trained group used more and frequent notes whereas the untrained group’s number of notes decreased. Individual students who drastically increased the number of notes after training (in Test II) showed more systemic framework of notes for Test II than before training (in Test I). The present study is meaningful in that it utilized the different analyzing methods on the quality of notes compared with previous studies.

Purpose: This study aimed to observe coping strategies and career identity in nursing students, and examine the influence of coping strategy on career identity. Methods: Data from 329 third- and fourth-year nursing students was collected using structured self-reports questionnaires for two months. Descriptive statistics were calculated and the data analyzed with independent t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The nursing students scored highest on the passive coping style of hopeful thinking. Positive coping strategies were positively correlated with career identity. The final regression model showed that coping strategy and satisfaction with the participant’s major accounted for 37.6% of the variance in predictions of career identity, with problem-focused coping strategy as the single most influential factor. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a range of active efforts are needed to increase the use of problem-focused coping strategies to improve the career identity of nursing students.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of strategy training in teaching English for Korean elementary school students. It also attempted to provide some empirical data for more successful strategy training in elementary English education. Sixty six fifth grade elementary school students from two intact classes (33 each) participated in the study as the experimental group and the control group. For 17 weeks, the experimental group was given strategy training in addition to traditional instruction, while the control group was taught in the traditional way only. Some of the major findings are as follows: 1) Strategy-trained group did not show significantly better improvement over the traditionally-taught group in their English proficiency; 2) Strategy-trained group used all categories of learning strategy significantly more frequently at the end of the experimental period than traditionally-taught group; 3) Both the quantity and quality of strategy use was affected by the learner's English proficiency. From these results it was concluded that a strategy training program for elementary school English learners could be fruitful and viable. Suggestions for further studies are presented along with limitations inherent in the present study.

목적: 본 연구는 동작의 연속성과 속도에 따른 내적 타이밍 과제 수행의 정확성과 가변성 차이를 살펴보고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 메트로놈 동기화 훈련의 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 방법: 연구 참여자(n=24)는 동작이 시작되는 지점에서 정지하는 구간의 유무에 따라 구분된 연속 동작 집단, 불연속 동작 집단에 각각 12명씩 무선할당 되었다. 두 집단의 연구 참여자는 무선으로 제공되는 세 가지(30bpm, 45bpm, 60bpm) 속도 조건의 청각신호에 따라 오른손을 연속 혹은 불연속적으로 돌리면서 목표물과 접촉하는 타이밍 과제를 수행하였다. 또한 감각운동 동기화 능력의 향상을 확인하기 위하여 상호작용 메트로놈(interactive metronome)을 활용한 4일간의 메트로놈 동기화 훈 련(synchronized metronome training)을 진행하였다. 타이밍 정확성은 시간의 절대오차, 가변성은 시간오차의 변동 계수, 수행 성공률은 15ms 이내의 시간오차로 산출하였다. 결과: 타이밍 정확성과 수행 성공률은 불연속 동작보 다 연속 동작에서, 그리고 동작의 속도가 빠를수록 높게 나타났다. 타이밍 가변성은 연속성에 따른 유의한 차이 를 보이지 않았으나, 속도가 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하였다. 동작의 속도와 연속성의 상호작용 효과는 타이밍 정확성에서 나타나지 않았지만, 타이밍 가변성은 속도가 빠를수록 두 집단 모두에서 높아지는 효과가 나타났다. 메트로놈 동기화 훈련 결과 연속 동작 집단의 경우 2일 이상의 훈련이 타이밍 정확성 및 수행 성공률의 향상을 가져왔다. 결론: 내적 타이밍 과제에서 연속적인 동작 조건에서 상대적으로 빠른 속도를 이용한 운동제어 및 학 습 전략이 수행의 정확성과 일관성에 효과적이다.

목적: 이 연구는 슬럼프 중인 고등학교 남녀 수영선수에게 9주간의 심리기술훈련을 적용하여 그들의 정서상태와 스포츠수행전략 및 인지된 경기력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 방법: 심리기술훈련은 주 1회 90분의 주 별로 문제파악, 목표설정, 심상훈련, 인지재구성, 긍정자화, 루틴훈련, 위기대처훈련 등의 이론과 실습으로 구성되었다. 단일사례 설계유형(A-B-A) 통합방법으로 수행된 이 연구는 양 기초선 기간과 심리기술을 중재한 지 3주, 6주, 9주째에 정서상태와 스포츠수행전략 및 인지된 경기력을 측정하였고, 같은 기간에 개인상담을 통해 질적 자료를 수집하였다. 상담내용은 전문가 회의를 거쳐 객관성을 확보한 후 자료로 사용되었다. 결과: 9주간의 심리기 술훈련은 수영선수의 총정서장애를 감소시켜 정서상태에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 수영선수의 스포츠수행전략(혼잣말, 자동적 수행, 목표설정, 심상, 긴장풀기, 감정조절, 부정적 생각, 주의산만)은 심리기술훈련에 의해 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 수영선수의 인지된 경기력도 심리기술훈련에 의해 부분적으로 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 이 연구는 9주간의 심리기술훈련이 수영선수의 정서상태와 스포츠수행전략 및 인지된 경기력을 향상시킬 수 있다는 결론에 도달하였다. 장래에는 수영선수의 경기력뿐만 아니라 건강과 행복도 증진시킬 수 있는 상담프로그램을 구성할 필요성이 제기되었다.