The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-oriented training on the self-esteem and activities of daily living for children Down syndrome. ABA single case research design was applied to this study. Study subjects were instructed to perform task oriented training by wearing weighted vest 12 times in total at the rate of 2 times a week and for 40 minutes each during the intervention, and self-esteem and activities of daily living were measured 3 times in total at the baseline, intervention line and the 2nd baseline stages. There was statistically significant differences in total Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and activities of daily living scores in accordance with the baseline, intervention line, the 2nd baseline stages (p<.05). This study suggests that task-oriented training by wearing weighted vest improve the total Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and activities of daily living scores in children with Down’s syndrome.

Objective : This study examined effect of Dynavision training on visual attention while conducting tasks after a stroke, and performed an eye-tracker analysis.Methods : Across an ABAB single-subject research design, three stroke patients conducted Dynavision training during the intervention period, and the eye-tracker evaluated their visual attention after each session. A visual analysis was conducted using a graph, and the changes in the values were analyzed through two standard deviations and the trend line.Results : The values of eye fixation, eye saccade, and eye scan-path remained high within the two standard deviation band more than twice during the intervention and reversal intervention period. The trend line for the intervention and reversal intervention period was steep. The trend line for the percentage of correct answers on paper was increased during the reversal baseline period. In addition, the trend for the line reversal intervention period was steeper than for the intervention period.Conclusion : Dynavision training after a stroke affected the visual attention while conducting tasks, and an eye-tracker evaluation was more objective than a pencil-paper evaluation.

In order to examine universal design, 1 have developed two analytical methodologies based on 3P(point) task analysis: structured task analysis and task matrix analysis. I also extracted nine universal design items, namely (1) adjustment, (2) redundancy, (3) specification and function transparency, (4) feedback and (5) error tolerance, (6) effective acquisition of information, (7) ease of understanding and judgment, (8) comfortable operation, and (9) continuity of information and operation. Structured task analysis is used to uncover problems in each of the tasks constituting a job for each functionally challenged condition of users, and solutions to the extracted problems are examined in terms of the above-mentioned nine universal design items. Task matrix analysis calls for the production of a table for each task in a job. In each table, nine items form the columns, and the horizontal rows list all disability types. Then, solutions are formulated for each cell formed by the intersecting columns and rows. Using these two analysis methods, 1 have conducted a verification experiment for the universal design of a public bus. The results of the research have enabled me to propose various ,solutions from a system-based perspective, instead of coming up with the superficial and isolated solutions which are normally produced when conventional analytical methods are used.

This study is about a design method for deriving task safety scenarios for the application of collaborative robots. A five-step process for deriving task safety scenarios for collaborative robots has been proposed, which focuses on the type of collaboration between human and collaborative robot. The three types of collaboration were classified according to the collaboration workspace and the worktime of human and collaborative robot. Based on these three types of collaboration, task safety scenarios include scenarios that predict risk from unintended use during work. Collaboration with collaborative robot is a human-centered process because human actions can create dangerous situations. Besides, we improved the understanding of this design methodology by presenting examples of the application of task safety scenarios according to the process for each type of collaboration.

본고는 한국어 학습자들에게 문법을 효과적으로 교수할 수 있도록 형태초점 과제를 활용하여 문법을 제시하는 방법에 대해 알아보는 데에 목적 이 있다. 이를 위해 형태초점 과제의 유형에 대해 살펴보고 그 중 문법 제시 방법에서 사용할 수 있는 과제의 유형을 추출한 후 과제를 설계, 실제 예를 보였다. 언어교육에서 문법은 의사소통의 정확성을 위해 꼭 필요한 지식 중 하나이다. 한국어 교육에서 문법 교수의 변화는 문법 연습과 생산 방식의 변화에 초 점이 맞춰져 왔다. 그러나 학습자는 능동적으로 지식을 구성해 나가는 존재이기 때문에 학습자의 발견 학습을 촉진시킬 경우 더 효율적인 문법 교수가 가능하다. 이를 위해 기존의 한국어 문법 교육의 제시 단계에서 형태초점 과제를 제시하여 학습자들의 발견 학습을 촉진시킨 후 문법을 설명, 연습, 생산하는 방식으로 진행할 수 있을 것이다.

This study examines whether the reinforcement theory would be effectively applied to teaching assistant robots between a robot and a student in the same way as it is applied to teaching methods between a teacher and a student. Participants interact with a teaching assistant robot in a 3 (types of robots: positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement vs. both reinforcements) by 2 (types of participants: honor students vs. backward students), within-subject experiment. Three different types of robots, such as ‘Ching-chan-ee’ which gives ‘positive reinforcement’, ‘Um-bul-ee’ which gives ‘negative reinforcement’, and ‘Sang-bul-ee’ which gives both ‘positive and negative reinforcement’ are designed based on the reinforcement theory and the token reinforcement system. Participants’ task performance and reaction rate are measured according to the types of robots and the types of participants. In task performance, the negative reinforcement robot is more effective than the other two types, but regarding the number of stimulus, the less the stimulus is, the more effective the task performance is. Also, participants showed the highest reaction rate on the negative reinforcement robot which implies that the negative reinforcement robot is most effective to motivate students. The findings demonstrate that the participants perceive the teaching assistant robot not as a toy but as a teaching assistant and the reinforcement interaction is important and effective for teaching assistant robots to motivate students. The results of this study can be implicated as an effective guideline to interaction design of teaching assistant robots.