This study explores how experiential knowledge (EK) and received knowledge (RK) are integrated in pre-service language teachers’ written reflections to solve pedagogical problems, adopting constantcomparative analysis method outside of Grounded Theory. For this end, forty-one entries of reflective journals, written for problem solving by seven pre-service English teachers in Korea, were collected in a course entitled ‘English Language Teaching Theory into Practice’. One month after the course ended, each entry was re-reflected by the participants to identify whether it inclucded their EK and RK. All the statements in each entry, which had been reported to include EK or RK explicitly or implicitly, were repeatedly read until themes related to problem solution emerged. The results show that EK and RK can be significant resources in the practice of reflection for problem solving. However, the results also indicate the difference: EK is more applicable for the statements of a basis of problem determination or of a cause of a problem while RK is more employed to state a solution to a problem. Implications of this study were presented and discussed.

Reflective practice has become an integral component in teacher education. Many studies have investigated the development of a teacher’s reflective practice, but less attention has been paid to novice L2 teacher trainees’ development of reflective practice. Similarly, little is known about their concerns, interest, and needs, as they manifest in reflection. This study, therefore, identifies reflective themes that teacher trainees concern about after microteaching. It further examines whether teacher trainees’ reflective focus differs depending on their knowledge and experience in the teacher education program. Seventeen teacher trainees, who were either in the beginning or advanced L2 teaching courses, reflected about their microteaching, and their written reflections were analyzed by their contents. Seven themes emerged, which include teacher behaviors, classroom management, planning, microteaching context, language-specific features, student learning, and teacher roles. Overall, teacher trainees focused more on teacher behaviors and their self-image in relation to classroom management and lesson planning than issues on student learning and teaching. It was also found that this tendency was stronger for beginning trainees than advanced trainees. These findings are discussed in light of the development of reflective practice.

The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of pre-service language teachers’ reflection for problem solving, focusing on facets of problem solving. For this purpose, this study collected and analyzed twenty pre-service English teachers’ ninety-four entries of reflection guided by semi-structured guidelines for problem solving: pre-reflective, reflective thinking, and post-reflective. For the analysis of the data, this study adopted constant comparative analysis to identify and categorize features in the data from the perspective of qualitative approach. This study found three dimensions of problem solving and three or four segments under each dimension. Dimensions represent the possible procedural steps of problem solving: ‘problem-determination’, ‘problem-analysis’, and ‘solution’. In terms of cognitive purposes, four possible segments emerged: ‘description’, ‘elaboration’, ‘justification’, and ‘evaluation’. In contrast, concerning perspectives on viewing problems, this study identified three segments: ‘thou-view’, ‘i-view’, and ‘alternative-view’. The variation in the employment of the dimensions and segments was found to represent diverse patterns of problem solving in pre-service language teacher reflection. The findings of this study suggest some implications for pre-service language teacher education.

The current study explores the potential of the collaborative reflection of the teacher, colleagues, and students in promoting teacher expertise. To this effect, the authors first created a principled set of checklists on six domains of teacher expertise by synthesizing relevant literature. Then they developed protocols for collaborative reflection. These tools were applied to a middle school English teacher’s reflective practice, involving the teacher participating in stimulated recall sessions of her own classes, writing reflection journals, and receiving feedback from her colleagues and students. The results show that collaborative reflection has high potentials for mediating the teacher’s cognitive and affective changes, leading to behavioral ones. This suggests that collaborative reflection, when relevant institutional prerequisites are met, can take an instrumental role in promoting teacher expertise.

The purpose of this study was to explore pre-service teachers' reflectivity occurring in their first-person reflection on their experience, by examining how they defined a problem and suggested its solution. For the research purpose, this study adopted Dewey's (1933) idea of reflection from which the definition of reflection in much research on teachers' reflections originated. This study analyzed the problem sections occurring in their reflection after first teaching practice, in terms of focus and depth of problem solving. The total number of the sections was seventy-nine and on average each participant's teaching journal involved three sections of a problem. Examination of focus of reflection was done as to 'agent of problem' and 'target of reflection', whereas an analysis of the depth of their reflection was done in terms of the number of dimensions and combination of dimensions of problem solving. The findings showed that much more focus of the pre-service teachers' reflection was put on the performance inside the classroom than outside. That is, the interaction between the teacher and the student was their primary concern. Also, the findings indicated that over half of the problem sections were beyond the superficial level of reflective thinking, but one third of the problem sections stayed still within the superficial depth of reflection. This suggested the necessity of providing guidelines on the focus and depth of reflection when reflection was employed as a tool of pre-service teacher's professional development.

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of journal as a way to encourage pre-service teachers to reflect on their own learning experiences and to determine the extent of reflection through journal writing. Journals were kept by pre-service English teachers during a teacher preparation course where the focus was on the understanding of second language acquisition. Sixteen participants were juniors in an undergraduate teacher development program in a university in Korea. The journal entries the trainees kept were analyzed through content analysis method in relation to the dual role as learners and prospective teachers. Within this research framework, it was found that the pre-service English teachers reflected internally on their English learning experiences and could connect the concepts and abstract ideas to their personal experience of learning English. Also, pre-service teachers were able to display their reflective capabilities through the exercise of journal writing in spite of their limited L2 writing skills. From the findings it is suggested that journals can be used as a valuable tool for the teachers-in-preparation, both in developing reflective teachers and in generating powerful insights which later would influence their own classroom behavior and motivation as a teacher.

The Iowa Chautauqua Program has provided effective staff development for over 2,700 K-12 science teachers during the past two decades. This is a review of the features of the program, its instructional staff, and a description of the outcomes as disclosed from evaluative studies conducted by staff, teacher participants, doctoral students, and outside evaluators. Examples of outcomes are included as revealed from the qualitative studies reported in newsletters, published papers, dissertations, annual staff reports, and evidences of success reported to accrediting groups. The Chautauqua stresses student-centeredness, constructivist learning, and the visions of reform featured in the National Science Education Standards.

이 연구는 비자발적 교사학습공동체에 참여한 교사들의 경험과 성찰을 다룬 질적 실행연구이다. 연구 문제는 비자발적 교사학습공동체에 참여한 교사들의 경험과 인식은 무엇인가, 그리고 비자발적 교사학습공동체를 보다 의미 있는 교사학습공동체로 만들기 위해서 어떤 노력이 필요한가이다. 연구 결과, 새봄초 2학년 교사들은 비자발적으로 시작된 학습공동체이지만 다 같이 그림책을 활용한 수업을 준비하면서 스스로 즐겁고, 아이들이 바뀐 수업에 더 집중하고 좋아하는 것을 보면서 보람을 느꼈다. 특히 교사들은 코로나 확산으로 온라인 개학의 위기를 겪으며 서로 위안이 되고, 함께 수업을 준비하고 연구하는 기쁨을 알게 되면서 “성장”했다. 더 나은 교사학습공동체가 되기 위한 노력으로서 먼저 친해지기, 비전과 가치의 공유, 수용적 리더와 협력적 참여자로 만나기, 서로 다른 요구의 타협, 수업에 집중하기가 제안되었다. 이 학교는 비자발적 학습공동체가 보이는 형식적 협력, 보여주기식 성과, 자율성 상실 등이 나타나지 않았다. 교장과 중간리더들이 학습공동 체의 참여를 강제하기보다 그 가치와 필요성을 설득했고, 운영의 초점을 수업 향상에 두었고, 운영 과정에서 다른 목소리를 존중하였기 때문이다.