In Korea, the daily waste production in 2015(excluding specified waste) was 404,812 tons, of which household waste accounted for 12.7%(51,247 tons/day). Total household food and vegetable waste amounted to 1,120 tons/day; of this, 70% of was ultimately used as feed or fertilizer and 30% was buried. In this study, a drying unit was developed to enable the production of solid refuse fuel using high-moisture food waste, and its performance was examined through an experiment. Thus, a laboratory pyrolysis system with a drying capacity of 500 kg/hr was manufactured. Food wastes were collected from a company cafeteria and from Changwon City and used for experiment. The drying characteristics of the food waste were examined depending on the input temperature of the drying air. The results of the food waste drying experiment showed that the total required drying time was approximately 20 hours, and the drying speed was approximately 2.90 %/hr. The drying time was five hours longer than the research target value(15 hours per batch). However, the time was approximately 16 hours when the preheating and cooling times required for the input and output were excluded, which was close to the research target value. The drying time did not show a large difference depending on the temperature of the input drying air. Drying time was 21 hours at 155℃, and thus drying operation would be possible without the use of high-temperature air(more than 200℃) when waste heat is utilized in the future. It is thought that rather than the temperature of the input air, it is the contact area between the input air and the food waste that has a significant effect on reducing the drying time.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral malignancy. Numerous therapies have been proposed for its cure. Research is continually being conducted to develop new forms of treatment as current therapies are associated with numerous side-effects. Luteolin, a common dietary flavonoid, has been demonstrated to possess strong anti-cancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, research into luteolin-based anticancer activity against oral cancer remains scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of luteolin as an anti-cancer agent. After treatment with luteolin, Ca9-22 and CAL-27 oral cancer cells showed condensed nuclei and enhanced apoptotic rate with evidence of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to tumor migration and invasion. Luteolin suppressed cancer cell invasion and migration in the current study. Elevated expression of E-cadherin, an adherens junction protein, was evident in both cell lines after luteolin treatment. Luteolin also significantly inhibited transcription factors (i.e., N-cadherin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB-1) that regulated expression of tumor suppressors such as E-cadherin based on Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR. Thus, luteolin could induce mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell invasion and migration by suppressing EMT-induced transcription factors.

The purpose of this study is to analyze outsourcing ship management function at Turkish shipowning companies and Turkish shipowners’ attitudes towards third party ship management companies. A survey method was used for the study. Based on the factors collected both from literature review and interviews, a questionnaire was conducted through Turkish shipowners. The results of the study have revealed that big portion of Turkish shipowners are not willing to give the management of their vessels to third party ship management companies. This study will help researchers and ship managers to understand Turkish shipowners’ attitudes towards ship management companies and the root of shipowners’ behaviors about ship management companies. This study makes contributions to the limited literature on ship management and third party ship management by analyzing shipowners’ attitudes towards third party ship management companies in Turkey.

The proportion of collision in the total marine accidents is high. The main causes of collisions are navigation rule violation, safety speed violation, neglected watch-keeping and improper collision avoidance action. There are two main ways of avoiding collision situations during maritime navigation: the method of altering course and reducing ship’s speed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of the collision avoidance action of the reserve officer in case of encountering a multiple number of ships using the ship handling simulator. Full-mission ship handling simulator was used to experiment the situation scenarios that encountered multiple ships. After the experiment, the questionnaire about the experiment was investigated. A total of 50 subjects were participated in the experiment. Experimental results showed that the number of the experimenters who used the engine was 11 and the number of the experimenters who did not use the engine was 39. In the case of using the engine, there were 0 collision accident, 1 grounding accident, and 10 no accidents. However, when the engine was not used, there were 28 collision accidents, 2 grounding accidents, and 9 no accidents. The causes of these results can be found in the survey results. 74 % of the non used engine participants said they were hesitate to use the engine. As can be seen from these results, the reserve officer are hesitant to use the engine and need a way to get correct of it. Maritime course subject can emphasize the importance of using ship’s engines and case study also can be it. So, It is considered that various case study scenario will need to developed by various tools in the future.

An offshore installation is built or installed for the purposes of exploration and exploitation in any part of the sea. The offshore installations that are presently in existence reflect great scientific progress in the field of marine resources. However, they become a source of concern when they are no longer in use. Due to the potential to disrupt activities conducted around their location, they interfere with navigational safety. Therefore, it is important to remove such installations. Their removal should be based on the provisions of the IMO Guidelines and Standards. Indonesia is a coastal State and should adhere to the above mentioned guidelines and standard in designing policies and regulations.

본 연구는 다국적 기업의 친환경 연구개발 (R&D)의 결정요인과 이 결정요인들이 이해관계자들이 행사하는 압력에 의해 어떻게 조절되는지에 관한 연구이다. ASSET4 데이터베이스를 활용해 2004년부터 2012년까지 1,674개의 글로벌 다국적 기업들에 속하는 15,025개의 관측치들을 대상으로 연구한 결과, 기업의 환경 관련 평판이 낮을수록, 그리고 보상체계가 장기적 성향을 띨수록 친환경 R&D의 성과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 온실가스 배출량이 많은 산업에서 활동하는 기업들의 경우 배출권 거래제에 참여하게 되면 친환경 R&D의 성과가 더욱 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 지리적 다각화의 정도가 높은 다국적 기업의 경우 배출권 거래제에 참여할 경우 친환경 R&D의 성과가 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 현재 시행되고 있는 배출권 거래제도의 유효성에 한계가 있음을 시사한다고 할 수 있다.

본 연구는 감귤의 해충인 귤굴나방의 기생성 천적의 종류와 기생률을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 2013～2014 제주 감귤원에서 발견된 귤굴나방 기생봉 천적은 좀벌상과에 속한 총 7종이 발견되었다. 그 중 좀벌과에 속한 Sympiesis striatipes가 73%, Quadrastichus sp.가 22%로 대부분을 점유하였다. 나머지 종은 Neochrysocharis sp., Ageniaspis sp., Pnigalio sp., Holcopelte sp., Trichomalopsis sp.(Pteromalidae) 등이었다. 천적의 평균 기생률은 관행재배에서 10.7%, 무농약 과원에서는 32.2%를 나타냈다.