The longevity and fecundity of Naranga aenescens adult were investigated at temperatures of 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, 30.0, and 32.5°C. Adult longevity was influenced by temperature but there was no temperature effect of fecundity. Longevity decreased with increasing temperature: it was highest at 15°C (22.2 ± 3.51 days) and lowest at 32.5°C (6.2 ± 0.32 days). Total fecundity was highest at 25°C (1693 eggs) and lowest at 15.0°C (1115 eggs). The oviposition period was longest at 20°C (8.8 ± 0.57 days) and shortest at 32.5°C (4.1 ± 0.21 days). The oviposition model presented in this study consisted of two reproductive components (total fecundity and age-specific oviposition rate) and a survival component (age-specific survival rate). The relationship between adult developmental rate and temperature was described by the Logan 6 model (r2=0.98, p<0.0001).The age-specific survival rate was explained by a exponential function (r2=0.98, p<0.00001). The age-specific cumulative oviposition rate was described by the two-parameter Weibull function (r2=0.95, p<0.00001). Temperature-dependent fecundity was estimated using the Briere-2 model (r2=0.91, p<0.0125). Daily egg production of N. aenescens in relation to adult age and temperature was estimated.

The Citrus Leafminer (CLM) larvae creates shallow tunnels in leaves of citrus (orange, mandarins, lemons, grapefruit, etc) and commonly attacks citrus young leaves. They spread almost worldwide (North America, Asia, Australia, etc) and difficult to control by chemicals due to their small size and their behavior of leaf rolling. Due to difficult of managing, our interest is preparing pheromone to control; Z7Z11-16;Al is known as the sex pheromone of this species in Japan. While blending Z7Z11-16;Al and Z7Z11E13-16;Al (3:1 ratio) is known as the pheromone of this insect in North America. Even though commercialized and mass produced already in overseas, there had been almost no report in Korea about synthetic studies and field screening results. The control of the regio-isomers is very important in this kind of pheromone synthesis. Our strategy is the regio-selective Wittig olefination reaction between E-pent-2-enyl(triphenylphsphonium)bromide (phosphonium salt) and the counterpart aldehyde using sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS) as a base. All the spectroscopic data (1H, 13C, GC-Mass, etc) are nicely matched with the previously reported values. The field screening in the Jeju island is currently ongoing and will be reported.

More Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a dry concrete consisted of same materials as conventional concrete with different proportioning which requires compaction effort in order to reach its final form. Thus, both hydration and aggregate interlock play important roles in its strength augmentation. Flexural strength, an important factor in pavement design and fatigue cracking resistance, can be difficult to be obtained at in-situ and may be subjected to high variability. Even though its compressive strength is relatively high compared to conventional concrete with similar binder content, the relationship between compressive strength and flexural or tensile strength were not well defined. The goal of this research is to compare the relationship between compressive strength and flexural strength as well as the relationship between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of RCC with those of conventional concrete using various equations suggested in other researches and also to determine new regression equations for estimating RCC’s flexural and splitting tensile strength. The positive result of RCC’s flexural strength was found; it was higher than majority of predicted values from conventional concrete for the same compressive strength. In contrast, RCC’s splitting tensile strength was relatively low compared to that of conventional concrete for the same compressive strength. Power equations were learned to be suitable for relationship between compressive and flexural strengths as well as relationship between compressive and splitting tensile strengths.

The high plateaus in west China may provide suitable sites for astronomical observations with the institute's middle-range telescopes and possibly with larger telescopes. Under China-Japan collaborations for site survey in west China, we have been conducting searches for good sites and monitoring their characteristics over several years. As recent results of our site survey show, sites in west Tibet are revealed with a high possibility of good astronomical observations. Weather characteristics at Gar in Ali, Tibet, show its high clear-sky ratios, especially in winter, com- parable to Mauna Kea, Hawaii. But it has some wind problem in winter, where stronger wind speeds, over 20m/sec, occur frequently even though the sky is clear. To find calmer sites, we have conducted numerical simulations for the Ali area using the Japan Meteorological Agency NonHydrostatic Model. We have found another site, named ZoZo Hill, near Gar. We will continue to monitor the Gar site to clarify weather characteristics over the whole year and hopefully start to negotiate for site monitoring at ZoZo Hill this year.

Polarbear is a ground-based experiment located in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. The experiment is designed to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode polarization at several arcminute resolution. The CMB B-mode polarization on degree angular scales is a unique signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic in ation and B-mode signal on sub-degree scales is induced by the gravitational lensing from large-scale structure. Science observations began in early 2012 with an array of 1,274 polarization sensitive antenna-couple Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers at 150 GHz. We published the first CMB-only measurement of the B-mode polarization on sub-degree scales induced by gravitational lensing in December 2013 followed by the first measurement of the B-mode power spectrum on those scales in March 2014. In this proceedings, we review the physics of CMB B-modes and then describe the Polarbear experiment, observations, and recent results.

In photovoltaic power generation where minority carrier generation via light absorption is competing against minority carrier recombination, the substrate thickness and material quality are interdependent, and appropriate combination of the two variables is important in obtaining the maximum output power generation. Medici, a two-dimensional semiconductor device simulation tool, is used to investigate the interdependency in relation to the maximum power output in front-lit Si solar cells. Qualitatively, the results indicate that a high quality substrate must be thick and that a low quality substrate must be thin in order to achieve the maximum power generation in the respective materials. The dividing point is 70 μm/5 × 10−6 sec. That is, for materials with a minority carrier recombination lifetime longer than 5 × 10−6 sec, the substrate must be thicker than 70 μm, while for materials with a lifetime shorter than 5 × 10−6 sec, the substrate must be thinner than 70 μm. In substrate fabrication, the thinner the wafer, the lower the cost of material, but the higher the cost of wafer fabrication. Thus, the optimum thickness/lifetime combinations are defined in this study along with the substrate cost considerations as part of the factors to be considered in material selection.

We identify a strong lensing galaxy in the cluster IRC 0218 that is spectroscopically confirmed to be at z = 1:62, making it the highest-redshift strong lens galaxy known. The lens is one of the two brightest cluster galaxies and lenses a background source galaxy into an arc and a counterimage. With Hubble Space Telescope (HST) grism and Keck/LRIS spectroscopy, we measure the source redshift to be zS = 2:26. Using HST imaging, we model the lens mass distribution with an elliptical power-law prole and account for the effects of the cluster halo and nearby galaxies. The Einstein radius is θE = 0.38+0.02-0.01" (3.2+0.2 -0.1 kpc) and the total enclosed mass is Mtot(< θE) = 1.8+0.2 -0.1 X 1011 M⊙. We estimate that the cluster environment contributes ~ 10% of this total mass. Assuming a Chabrier IMF, the dark matter fraction within θE is fChab DM = 0.3+0.1 -0.3, while a Salpeter IMF is marginally inconsistent with the enclosed mass (fSalp DM = -0.3+0.2 -0.5).

In our previous work, we investigated the orbital dynamics of Asteroid 1934 CT (or 1989 AC or 4179 Toutatis) from epoch 2012-Jul-24 (JDE2456132.5) using the Mercury program package. Asteroid 4179 Toutatis has an Earth and Mars crossing orbit with semimajor axis a = 2.5292 AU and eccentricity e = 0.6294, and therefore the perihelion distance is q = 0.9373 AU and the aphelion distance is Q = 4.1211 AU. After more than 300,000 years, asteroid 4179 Toutatis will escape from the Solar System, but during this time, it will have close-encounters with other planets from Venus to Uranus. As a continuation of this project, we investigated its energy changes in each close encounter. We also determine the energy of this asteroid when it escapes from the Solar System. The result is that during its orbital evolution, the energy of this asteroid changes and gives us negative, zero and positive values.

Quinto Edward Jay Mansarate. 2015. “Dichotomizing Ideological Representations in President Benigno Aquino III's October 30th Address”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(2). 65~95. On October 30th 2013, Philippine President Benigno S. Aquino III addressed the Filipino people in a 12-minute televised speech, in which he defended the government's spending program, Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP), against accusations of it being the President's version of lawmakers' Priority Assistance Development Fund (PDAF) or ‘Pork Barrel.’ This paper examined ideological representations through a systematic discourse analysis of the 19-paragraph, 1851-word speech. In particular, the paper examined lexical choices within the bounds of ‘biased lexical items’ in political discourse (van Dijk 2005) and ‘referential strategy’ (Wodak, De Cillia & Reisigl 1999). Analysis of data pointed to the polarization of pronouns representing ‘US’ and ‘THEM.’ Data also revealed that positive-self and negative-others representations were achieved through the use of two strategies in van Dijk's (1998) ideological square: (i) emphasis of good things about ‘US’ and (ii) emphasis of bad things about ‘THEM.’ These strategies framed the President and his administration under good governance and administration accomplishments, while framing the critics and opposition as enemies of good governance and part of a failed past. The President's discursive choices reinforced the underlying ideological implication, ‘the Disbursement Acceleration Program is not pork barrel.’ The paper closes with some implications for future research. (200)

The purpose of this research is to study the evolution of the price of Burgundy wines and to try to identify the reasons for such an evolution. Land prices, rent prices and wine prices in Burgundy will be analysed over the last decades. In terms of results, the price of wine in Burgundy has been observed to rise drastically in recent years as well as the evolution of land and rent prices. A better comprehension of price variations could help wine companies manage their long term profitability, especially if land were considered as an investment (and therefore, part of the company). As a recommendation, marketing tools but also training should be used by craftsmen to build, promote and distribute strong brands in order to remain on the market but also to attract major agents and importers and be distributed worldwide.

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine factors affecting customers’ intention to buy apparels through mobile apps. The proposed model was evaluated using survey data collected from 304 mobile app users and assessed by structural equation modeling. Our study contributes to a theoretical understanding of mobile apps usage.