Nonpotential characteristics of magnetic fields in AR 5747 are examined using Mees Solar Observatory magnetograms taken on Oct. 20, 1989 to Oct. 22, 1989. The active region showed such violent flaring activities during the observational span that strong X-ray flares took place including a 2B/X3 flare. The magnetogram data were obtained by the Haleakala Stokes Polarimeter which provides simultaneous Stokes profiles of the Fe I doublet 6301.5 and 6302.5. A nonlinear least square method was adopted to derive the magnetic field vectors from the observed Stokes profiles and a multi-step ambiguity solution method was employed to resolve the 180° ambiguity. From the ambiguity-resolved vector magnetograms, we have derived a set of physical quantities characterizing the field configuration, which are magnetic flux, vertical current density, magnetic shear angle, angular shear, magnetic free energy density, a measure of magnetic field discontinuity MAD and linear force-free coefficient. Our results show that (1) magnetic nonpotentiality is concentrated near the inversion line in the flaring sites, (2) all the physical parameters decreased with time, which may imply that the active region was in a relaxation stage of its evolution, (3) 2-D MAD has similar patterns with other nonpotential parameters, demonstrating that it can be utilized as an useful parameter of flare producing active region, and (4) the linear force-free coefficient could be a evolutionary indicator with a merit as a global nonpotential parameter.

Long-term exposure to loud noise affects performance since it changes arousal level, distracts attention, and also is able to evoke subjective stress accompanied by negative emotional states. The purpose of the study was to analyze dynamics of subjective and physiological variables during a relatively long-lasting (30 min) exposure to white noise (85 dB[A]). Physiological signals were recorded on 15 college students during 30 min of intense auditory stimulation. Autonomic variables, namely skin conductance level , non-specific SCR number, inter-best intervals in ECG, heart rate variability index (HF/LF ratio of HRV), skin temperature, as well as respiration rate were analyzed on 5 min epoch basis. Psychological assessment (subjective rating of stress level) was also repeated every 5 min. Statistical analysis was employed to trace the time course of the dynamics of subjective and autonomic physiological variables and their relationships. Results showed that the intense noise evoked subjective stress as well as associated autonomic nervous system responses. However it was shown that physiological variables endured specific changes in the process of exposure to the loud white noise. Discussed were probable psychophysiological mechanisms mediating reactivity to long-term auditory stimulation of high intensity, namely short-term activation, followed by transient adaptation (with relatively stable autonomic balance) and then a subsequent wave of arousal due to tonic sympathetic dominance.

2원계 (Zr-xNb, Zr-xSnl 와 3원계 (Zr-O.8Sn-xNb, Zr-O.4Nb-xSnl Zr합금의 기계적 특성에 미치는 Nb와 Sn의 영향올 조사하기 위하여 인장시험 빛 마세조직 분석을 실시하였다. Nb와 Sn량이 많이 첨가될수록 2원계와 3원계 합금의 강도는 정진적으로 증가하는 경향을 보이는데, Nb와 Sn이 고용도 이상으로 첨가될 때 강도중가는 더욱 두드러진 것으로 냐타났다. 강도 증가현상을 고용강화, 석출강화, 결정립 미세화에 의한 강화, 집합조직에 의한 강화효과 관정에서 분석한 결과, 고용강화 효과가 가장 두드러지며 Nb와 Sn이 고용도 이상에서는 석출강화가 강도에 기여하는 것으로 냐타났다. 합금원소 첨가에 따른 결정립미세화도 강도에 약간은 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 집합조직은 합금원소 변화에 따라서 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 냐타났으므로 집합조직은 강도증가에 기여하지 않는 것으로 생각된다.