By polymerizing acrylonitrile in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an initiator and Pterocladia capillacea-activated carbon (P-AC) as a filler, a composite material polyacrylonitrile/Pterocladia capillacea-activated carbon (PAN/P- AC) was developed. By reacting hydroxylamine with the composite's nitrile groups, the prepared composite was functionalized by amidoximation. FTIR spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis were all applied to thoroughly characterize the fabricated adsorbent. For the treatment of Cr(VI) ions from synthetic solutions, the adsorption properties of amidoximated polyacrylonitrile/Pterocladia capillacea-activated carbon (PAO/P-AC) were investigated. The pH effect, uptake kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamics studies were used to characterize adsorption properties. As a kinetic model analysis, the data confirmed that the pseudo-second-order rate equation matched well the adsorption process. With coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9998, the Tempkin isotherm model had the lowest error, suggesting that it is the best fitted model to describe this adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that Cr(VI) adsorption was endothermic.

Porous basalt aggregate is commonly used in roadbed engineering, but its application in concrete has rarely been studied. This paper studies the application of porous basalt in concrete. Porous basalt aggregate is assessed for its effects on mechanical strength and durability of prepared C50 concrete; because it has a hole structure, porous basalt aggregate is known for its porosity, and porous basalt aggregates can be made full of water through changing the content of saturated basalt; after full-water condition is achieved in porous basalt aggregate mixture of C50 concrete, we discuss its mechanical properties and durability. The effects of C50 concrete prepared with basalt aggregate on the compressive strength, water absorption, and electric flux of concrete specimens of different ages were studied through experiments, and the effects of different replacement rates of saturated porous basalt aggregate on the properties of concrete were also studied. The results show that porous basalt aggregate can be prepared as C50 concrete. For early saturated porous basalt aggregate concrete, its compressive strength decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of saturated aggregate; this occurs up to concrete curing at 28 d, when the replacement rate of saturated basalt aggregate is greater than or equal to 40 %. The compressive strength of concrete increases with the increase of the replacement rate of saturated aggregate. The 28 d electric flux decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of saturated aggregate, indicating that saturated porous basalt aggregate can improve the chloride ion permeability resistance of concrete in later stages.

This study deals with replacement analysis of deteriorated equipment for improving productivity of production system. Frequent breakdown of the deteriorated equipment causes a situation that reduces productivity such as low product quality, process delay, and repair cost. However, the replacement of new equipment will be required a high initial investment cost, so it is important to analysis the economic feasibility. Therefore, we analyze the effect of the production system due to the aging effect of the equipment and the feasibility of equipment replacement based on the economic analysis. The process flow, working time, logistics movement, etc. are analyzed in order to build the simulation modeling for a ship and land switchboard production system. Using numerical examples, the economic feasibility analysis of equipment replacement through replacement of existing deteriorated equipment and additional arrangement of new facilities is performed.

인터넷은 전통적인 미디어를 대체하고 주요 뉴스 미디어 플랫폼 중 하나가 되었습니다. 인터넷 소스의 뉴스는 접근성이 좋고 편리하기 때문에 기존 뉴스 소스에 비해 빠르고 간단하게 이동할 수 있습니다. 그러나 가짜 뉴 스가 대량으로 발생하고 정치적, 상업적 이유로 온라인 커뮤니티에 퍼지면서 확인되지 않은 소식통으로부터 입수한 모든 언론 보도가 진짜인 것은 아니다. 가짜 뉴스는 이론적으로나 의도적으로 독자들을 속이거나 잘못 알릴 수 있다. 왜냐하면 사람들은 오프라인 커뮤니티에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 어떤 정보에도 쉽게 얽히게 되기 때문이다. 일부 수동 웹사이트는 정보가 사실인지 확인하도록 설계되어 있지만 온라인, 특히 웹에서 빠르게 확 산되는 정보의 양은 확장되지 않습니다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 자동 팩트체크 어플리케이션은 확장성과 자 동화의 요건에 대응하도록 설계되었습니다. 그러나 현재 애플리케이션 방법에는 기계 학습 분류 모델 성능을 개선하기 위해 가짜 뉴스 특징을 식별하는 포괄적인 다차원 데이터 세트가 없다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구논문에서는 사용자가 기사의 제목을 입력하면 데이터를 분류하는 Formb 챗봇을 제안했다. 이 연구 작업 에서 데이터 집합의 분류는 반복 신경망(RNN)과 장기 단기 기억(LSTM) 모델을 사용하여 수행되었다. 가짜 및 실제 뉴스 데이터 세트는 사전 처리되어 모델을 교육하는 데 사용됩니다. 저장된 모델은 지정된 입력 텍스트 의 신뢰성을 확인하기 위해 불일치 서버에 배포됩니다. Disconsid API는 python 파일을 chatbot으로 실행할 수 있는 액세스를 제공합니다. 분석 측면에서, 제안된 모델은 96.77%의 정확도로 CNN와 같은 기존 뉴럴 네트 워크 모델을 능가한다.

This study aimed to determine whether hormonal hypersecretion could cause morphological problems in the mouse vagina and affect the ovaries and nearby extra uterine organs. All mice were synchronized to estrus before the experiment. Then human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, and testosterone were continuously administered for about 6 days to maintain hormone hypersecretion, and then morphological changes were analyzed, and Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and Casp-3 expression were evaluated. As a result of the analysis, in the case of hCG, the morphological change did not show a significant difference from the vagina of normal estrus. In the case of progesterone, changes were observed in the mucosa zone and basal membrane, and it was confirmed that the activity of MMPs was increased in squamous epithelium cells. On the other hand, in the case of testosterone, overall changes in vaginal tissues were observed, and MMPs activity was increased to a very high level in all sections. The expression of Casp-3 was also the highest compared to other groups. Therefore, as a result of this study, it is thought that hormone hypersecretion affects the morphological changes of the vagina other than the ovaries and uterus and induces the activity of MMPs to cause morphological degeneration of tissues.

우리나라 정원의 식물 이용 현황을 알아보고자 전국 36개 정원을 대상으로 정원식물을 조사하였다. 정원은 6가지 유형 으로 구분하였다. 그 결과, 36개소 정원에는 정원식물 712종 류가 식재되고 있었다. 교목, 관목, 초본의 비중은 평균 1:2:7 이었다. 개별 정원(10×10㎡)에서 교목은 평균 2.5종으로 12.6%, 관목은 4.1종 20.7%, 초본은 13.2종 66.7%를 차지했다. 식재 빈도 상위 5%에 40여 종이 포함되었으며, 맥문동, 일본조팝나 무, 수국, 회양목, 단풍나무, 옥잠화, 에키네시아, 산철쭉이 대 표적이었다. 양지형 정원에는 관목이 상대적으로 적고 초본이 많았으며 다른 유형보다 20~40% 이상 다양했다. 그늘형은 초 본보다 교목이 많았으며, 건조형 및 습지형과 마찬가지로 식 재 다양성이 20% 감소했다. 옥상정원의 도시형 정원은 초본 이 전체의 80~90%를 차지하고, 해안형 정원에는 목본과 초본 이 1:1로 목본 중심의 식재 특성을 보였다. 결과적으로 정원 유형에 따라 식재 다양성과 구성 비율이 명확한 차이를 나타 냈다.

The use of animals heavily impacts the mental health of researchers performing the animal experiments. The animal researchers need to take care of animals but also give pain and sacrifice them at the same time. This circumstance can cause a variety of mental stress to the researchers. The stress generated in the laboratory would not only negatively affect the management of animals and the research results, but also would harm the researchers’ physical and mental health. Because the feeling of sympathy for animals is a natural feature of humanity, psychological stress following a laboratory animal’s death after use is not surprising. It is necessary to revise the relevant laws based on understanding the difficulties of animal researchers in society and to develop related educational programs at the national level to help the psychology and emotions of researchers who conduct animal experiments.

Recently, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA) in the United States is studying a new concept of war called Mosaic Warfare, and MUM-T(Manned-Unmanned Teaming) through the division of missions between expensive manned and inexpensive unmanned aircraft is at the center. This study began with the aim of deriving the priority of autonomous functions according to the role of unmanned aerial vehicles in the present and present collaboration that is emerging along with the concept of mosaic warfare. The autonomous function of unmanned aerial vehicles between the presence and absence collaboration may vary in priority depending on the tactical operation of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as air-to-air, air-to-ground, and surveillance and reconnaissance. In this paper, ACE (Air Combat Evaluation), Skyborg, and Longshot, which are recently studied by DARPA, derive the priority of autonomous functions according to air-to-air collaboration, and use AHP analysis. The results of this study are meaningful in that it is possible to recognize the priorities of autonomous functions necessary for unmanned aircraft in order to develop unmanned aerial vehicles according to the priority of autonomous functions and to construct a roadmap for technology implementation. Furthermore, it is believed that the mass production and utilization of unmanned air vehicles will increase if one unmanned air vehicle platform with only essential functions necessary for air-to-air, air-to-air, and surveillance is developed and autonomous functions are expanded in the form of modules according to the tactical operation concept.

Long-term non-surgical contraceptive methods for cats, especially community cats, are of global interest for cost-effective and humane reasons. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based vaccine for immunocontraception and to confirm its safety in intact female cats. Recombinant Salmonella typhimurium flagellin fljB (STF2)-GnRH protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. We divided female cats into vehicle control group (n = 4) and two experimental groups (100 μg injection group [n = 7] and 1000 μg injection group [n=7]), and immunized them twice intramuscularly (0.2 mL/cat at zero week and 4 weeks later into the other leg). Breeding trials started on day 120. All control cats (n = 4/4), 71% of the 100 μg injection group (n = 5/7), and 57% of the 1000 μg injection group (n = 4/7) became pregnant within 203 days after the introduction of male cats. The 1000 μg injection group had significantly a longer median time to conception following treatment (166 days) than the control (17 days, p < 0.05). Average litter size was significantly lower in the 1000 μg GnRH-vaccinated cats (2.8 ± 0.7) than in the control cats (4.5 ± 0.5, p < 0.05). Injection site reactions were not observed in any cat. The E. coli-expressed STF2-GnRH vaccine did not provide contraception in a sufficient proportion of the cats. However, it might be effective to suppress fertility through infertility vaccines before inducing permanent infertility through the trap-neuter-return.

Mercury and its compounds are globally managed chemicals as risks to the human body and ecosystem. It mainly enters the human body through ingestion of seafood, especially, methylmercury causes serious diseases such as central nervous system (CNS) disorder and renal dysfunction. In this study, total mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were determined in seafood (16 species, n = 97) commonly consumed in Daejeon, using a gold amalgamation method. The average concentration (Hg/MeHg mean ± S.D. (minimum–maximun) mg/kg) of total Hg and MeHg in the samples was as follows; Fish 0.038 ± 0.058 (0.004 – 0.272) / 0.028 ± 0.047 (N.D. – 0.236), Crustacea 0.023 ± 0.021 (0.003 – 0.078) / 0.016 ± 0.018 (N.D. – 0.055), Mollusks 0.015 ± 0.015 (0.002 – 0.056) / 0.008 ± 0.013 (N.D. – 0.040). The concentration of MeHg in seafood were significantly correlated with total Hg concentration (p<0.001). The species with the highest average concentration of Hg was the Korean rockfish, but there was no sample that exceeded the maximum residual limit. The total %provisional tolerable weekly intake (%PTWI) value of MeHg for all of the samples was 3.76%, compared with the JECFA’s reference value, which indicates that there is almost no health risk from heavy MeHg intake through the consumption of seafood distributed in Daejeon.

바위솔국(Delosperma cooperi)은 레소토(Lesotho)와 남아 프리카 공화국(Republic of South Africa)에 자생하는 다년생 초본성 다육식물의 일종으로 옥상녹화의 재료 및 생체모방 자가복구 소재(biomimetic self-repairing material)의 연구재 료로써 사용되어지고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 지피식물 혹은 실내 관상용 식물로 원예로써도 가치가 있을 것으로 전망된다. 본 연구에서는 바위솔국 재배에 최적화 된 환경을 알아내기 위해 온실의 차광수준[50, 65, 80, 95%, (Under-Bed, 98%)], 분용 토(각각 마사토, 펄라이트, 강모래, 유비상토, 버미큘라이트 가 배합된 토양) 및 시비량[(control, 0ppm), 500, 750, 1,000, 2,000ppm]의 처리로 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. 결과적으로 바위솔국은 50% 차광수준에서 가장 우수한 생육 수준을 나타 냈으며 분용토 실험에서는 유비상토, 버미큘라이트와 펄라이 트가 적절히 혼합된 VL:FM:PL(3:2:5, v/v/v)에서 생육이 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 시비량 실험에서는 1000ppm 수준에서 양 호한 생육을 나타내었다. 바위솔국의 엽색은 65% 이하의 차 광수준에서 짙은 녹색(RHS N137A, 147A)으로 나타났고 80% 이상의 차광수준에서는 엽색이 황색(RHS 146A, 147B, 148A) 으로 평가되었다. 차광수준 실험에서 잎의 CIELAB L*과 b* 값 과 식물체의 생육 간에 상관관계를 분석하였는데 이들은 서로 음의 상관관계를 나타내는 것으로 나타냈으며 일조량이 부족 할수록 잎이 황화 되어 생육이 불량해지는 것과 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 시비량에 대한 실험에서는 생육과 엽색간 상관관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다.

The PoN (Proof of Nonce) distributed consensus algorithm basically uses a non-competitive consensus method that can guarantee an equal opportunity for all nodes to participate in the block generation process, and this method was expected to resolve the first trilemma of the blockchain, called the decentralization problem. However, the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm can be greatly affected by the network transaction transmission delay characteristics of the nodes composing the block chain system. In particular, in the consensus process, differences in network node performance may significantly affect the composition of the congress and committee on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a problem by analyzing the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm, and suggested a fairness control algorithm using a learning-based probabilistic acceptance rule to improve it. In addition, we verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by conducting a numerical experiment, while considering the block chain systems composed of various heterogeneous characteristic systems with different network transmission delay.