본 연구의 목적은 동작의 개시 후에 예기치 않게 발생하는 목표크기나 목표위치의 변화가 계획된 주동근과 길항근의 활동유형에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 운동명령의 동작중 조절과정에서 시각정보가 이용되는 방식을 검토하는 것이다. 남자대학생 20명이 목표의 크기나 위치가 예기치 않게 변화되는 상황에서 시각적으로 명시된 공간적 목표지점을 향하여 팔꿈치 신전운동을 수행하였으며, 각 동작시 팔꿈치 관절의 이동각도와 주동근 및 길항근의 근전도 활동을 측정하였다. 목표위치조건에서의 최종팔꿈치각도는 목표위치가 멀어진 경우에는 커졌으며 가까워진 경우에는 작아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 목표크기조건에서는 과제제약의 변화에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 동작의 가속국면동안 측정된 주동근 활동의 강도는 목표위치가 멀어질 경우에만 증가되었으며 목표크기의 변화에는 민감하지 않았다. 동작의 감속기동안 측정된 근육활동 역시 목표크기의 변화에는 민감하지 않았으나 목표위치의 변화에 부응하는 변화를 보여주었다. 목표위치가 증가될 경우 주동근 활동은 증가한 반면 길항근 활동은 감소하는 경향을 보여주었으며 목표위치가 가까워질 경우에는 반대로 주동근 활동은 감소하였으나 길항근 활동은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 동작의 개시 후에 과제상황의 얘기치 않은 변화가 발생할 경우 시각체계는 변화된 과제제약의 특성에 관한 구체적인 정보를 제공하며 변화된 과제제약의 특성이 제어전략의 선택에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 선택된 제어전략은 운동명령의 동작중 조절과정에 영향을 미침으로써 변화된 과제제약이 부과하는 운동학적 요구에 부응하는 근육활동유형을 생성할 수 있다.

When it is viewed with hierarchy as a constructional element of education of subject-matter, the objectives model of Tyler's proposed that educational objectives are the most important element which should be decided first in rotational process of curriculum. This is an answer for question of the reason of teaching ICT in school and the most important foundation for upright establishing of ICT education.

Ko, Young-Jin. 1999. Linguistic Competence as an Intermediate Goal of Foreign Language Education. Studies in Modern Grammar 15, 191-211. This study aims at finding out some problems of foreign language education, particularly in high schools, and suggesting some alternatives. From the investigation of the sixth foreign language education curriculum, this study points out one of the most serious problems overlooking the importance of the acquisition of linguistic competence. So this study suggests one proposal for establishing the intermediate goal in English education. In my view, while the acquisition of communicative competence is the supreme goal in language learning, to reach it is too much to expect in our foreign language education circumstances. So we need to establish an intermediate goal on the way the highest goal. That is the acquisition of linguistic competence in Chomsky`s sense. And this study claims that the establishment of an intermediate goal will improve foreign language education, especialy English teaching and learning in our high schools.

Korean societies have been experiencing the wholesale structural changes in the rapid currents of recent openness, globalization and democratization, which effect much more heavily in rural areas than in urban areas, so rural recomposition works being an important national concern. In order to systematically reconstruct the rural structure, the decision makers, with a four step hierarchy of rural resident-residents group-community-region, should be endowed with the objective judgement on basic elements of resource potentialities under their control. In this process. rational resource evaluation works would be firstly necessiated from expert groups. Based on the view mentioned above, this study principally aimed at developing a rational evaluation framework for rural resources. For that objective, the first step of the study pigeonholed the total resources items identifiable in rural areas from the existing study results, spatial planning and field surveying data. After then, using the formalized classification criteria of resources items, a tentative goal system for rural resources evaluation was proposed and the final one determined through expert-group checking. The results obtained during the study are summarized as follows ; 1. Using the existing examples of resources identification/classification and the basic data list for county-level development planning as the principal reference ones, total rural resources elements were classified into 3 constituent units : land, natural environment and human resources, which correspond to places to work, to play and to live, respectively, as 3 constituent ones of life-supporting space. 2. Three characteristic areal types were adopted to represent the total rural areas : lowland, upland and seashore areas, and also 3 practical use types to represent the objectives of resources evaluation systems : for land use planning, natural conservation policy and village improvement planning. Thus 9 different types of goal system for resources evaluation were developed(each system by 3 areal typesX3 practical use types) 3. Each goal system has 3-tier classification steps from the higher, middle and lower one. The higher and middle steps should contain equally applicable components to all the rural areas, of which allowable number being around 3 and 4 respectively. However the lower step would contain detailed sub-components changeable to areal characteristics of which allowable number being around 7.

This present study investigated the effects of goal setting methods on sit up performance in elementary school children. Subjects Were 80 pupils from the five grade in elementary school. they were randomly assigned to four conditions : specific goal setting(individual), specific goal-setting(group), nonspecific goal setting(individual), nonspecific goal-setting(group), they practiceed sit-up in class three time a week for weeks according to the experimental treatments. Two way ANOVA indicated that goal setting methods were appeared sigbigicant differences (p <0.05). In the camparison between these two groups, specific goal-stting group was higher than nonspecific goal-setting group in sit-up performance. A review of both laboratory and field studies of the effects of goals setting when performing a task that 90% of th studies specific and challenging goals lead to higer performance than non-specific goals. Goal setting is likely to improve Endurance performance when the goals are specific and sufficiently challenging.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of change of force and response time to peak force on the forcee variability. The subjects were six male students in the department of physical education at seoul national university. They pulled the immobale handle at the three change of force(30, 60, 90%) and three response time conditions(100, 300, 500ms) . A three by three(change of force by response time to peak force) factorial analysis of variance with repeated measures used to dertermine whether or not the effect on the force variability was significant (P< .0l) . The results obtained from the data analysis were follows First, there was significant difference of change of force in the force variability. Second, there was have no significant difference of response time to peak force in the force variability. Third, there was have no significant difference of the relation change of force and response time to peak force variabiliyty.