Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63% of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by󰠏products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and so forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti󰠏biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

This study aims to provide quite recent information on the organic agriculture in developed countries such as German, UK, Switzerland and USA and on the current activities of international research institutions of organic agriculture. The establishment and activity of ENOF in EU and ARNOA in Asia, IIRNOA in IFOAM was introduced shortly. Institute of Organic Agriculture in FAL/ Germany and FiBL in Switzerland, OMRI in USA, HDRA in UK and Schweisfurth Foundation in Germany were described. Also the educations in European universities for organic agriculture and the research activities and technical education system for organic farming were described. All of these informations could be useful for the further development of the strategy for Korean organic agriculture in education and research.

It was supposed that CSA could be one of the best way to promote the movement of organic agriculture since there is little reliability on the organically grown food by consumer. In the replies submitted to a questionnaire to farmer and consumer, both group responded that the need of development of cultivation technique for organic farming and the permitted substances for organic farming and production. Both of them also replied that it is necessary to establish the lectures or division/department for organic agriculture in the agricultural education program of University.1) Their response to CSA was so much positive that they are willing to participate the CSA farm as a active CSA farmers or consumers. Based on the evaluation of questionnaire survey, it was suggested to do the utmost efforts that farmer preferentially practice an organic farming, and consumer consciously buy an organic food to protect an ecosystem and environment pollution.

국내에서 벤토나이트 산업은 환경개선과 관련된 토목분야에서의 수요증대로 앞으로 그 시장이 보다 확장될 것으로 예견된다. 이에 따라 부족한 국내의 부존자원을 효율적으로 관리하는 개발기술의 수립과 제도적 정비가 마련되어야 할 것이다. 또한 날로 증대되는 벤토나이트는 매우 복잡한 광물조성과 광물학적 특성을 갖고 다양한 용도로 사용되기 때문에, 이를 취급하는 데에는 이 광물자원에 대한 광물학적 특성에 대한 전문적 이해가 요구된다. 벤토나이트의 품위는 종래의 간접적 측정 방식 외에 정량적 X-선회절법이 도입되면 보다 효율적으로 평가될 수 있을 것이다. 벤토나이트의 품위와 품질은 상호 연계되지만 별도의 개념으로서, 이를 응용광물학적 지식에 기반하여 효과적으로 평가하는 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 국내에서 벤토나이트가 고령토 범주 내에서 취급되고 있는 것은 이 분야에 대한 산업 발전은 물론 기술개발을 가로막고 있는 큰 장애로 생각되며, 이는 빠른 시일 내에 시정되어야 할 것이다.

This paper deals with internal and outernal factors of Maritime High School in Korea, and suggests the followings. The fist, superintendent authority of schools should be transferred to ministry of education from ministry of marine. The second, education system should be upgraded to junior college or 5 years education course. The third, the door of maritime university permission should be opened for maritime high school graduates. The fourth, training ship should be built for effective training course required form STCW 95. The fifth, if the graduates form maritime high school engage board, all of them should be exempted from military service responsibility. The sixth, the on board-training system for teachers and instructors should be programmed in order to help them keep and utilize the on board experience in actural education situation. The seventh, the school location should be placed in order to increase the efficiency of the education.

In this paper, the basic planning for the creation of consolidated agricultural institutions of Choongcheongnam -Do and its management schemes were established. These institutions, including rural development office, farmers'training institution, original seeding field of farm crops, agriculturial information center, packing design center, agricultural machinery repair center, agricultural scientific conference hall, agricultural museum, agricultural park, farmers'hall and event plaza, are planned to be created. The required area for the site is 1,246,781 m2. 281-22 Jongkyung-Ri, Sinam-Myun, Yesan-Gun, Choongcheongnam-Do and its surroundings is a proper site for the creation of'consolidated agricultural institution because the actual conditions of the soil, traffic network, irrigation and drainage, tourist routes and human resources are very good. The layout of the facilities that would comprise an agricultural institution was organized in consideration of the functions and roles of each facility and the relationships among facilities in this consolidated agricultural institution. It is desirable that the headquaters of consolidated agricultural institution oversees the management department, the planning . administration . information department, the rural development office, the farmers'training institution, the original seeding field of farm crops and the agricultural park.