The official analytical method for the analysis of harmful heavy metals in Meju, distributed in Korea, employs a strong acid to decompose the organic components. This analysis is time consuming and harmful to the users and/or the environment. This study aimed to develop a new pre-treatment technology using laser ablation, to rapidly analyze harmful heavy metals without using strong acids. The results obtained from this method were validated by the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation guideline (NIFDS, 2016). Moreover, a comparison of the two methods showed that the analytical time for 55 Meju samples was shortened by 96% or more in the new method. The results showed no significant difference in the recovery ranging from 90–120%. The proposed method proved suitable for detecting harmful heavy metals in Meju.

This study evaluated genetic parameters of direct and maternal effects for calving ease in Hanwoo. A total of 2,102 records for calving ease were collected from 2018 to 2020 from the Hanwoo Genetic Improvement Center in Korea. The calving ease score was rated from 1 to 4 (1=unassisted delivery, 2=assisted easy calving, 3=assisted difficult calving, 4=mechanical or caesarean section) as categorical data, and the data were converted using a truncated normal distribution for linear model analysis. To evaluate the genetic parameters, the birth year-season of calving, the sex of the calf, parity, and the age of the dam at calving were considered as fixed effects, and genetic and maternal effects were considered random effects. The genetic parameters were evaluated using the program BLUPF90. The calving ease scores for male calves, first parity cows, and currently calving cows were much higher than for females, later parities, and past calving cows. The direct genetic variance (0.0164) was higher than the maternal genetic variance (0.0018), and the estimated heritabilities of the direct and maternal effects were 0.055 and 0.006, respectively. The parameters determined here should help with the genetic evaluation of calving ease in Hanwoo.

This study examined the bioactive compound content and the antioxidant activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) leaves. The content of vitamin C, beta-carotene, and total carotenoids was 69.77, 45.68, and 65.08 mg/100 g, respectively. To investigate the antioxidant capacity, bitter melon leaves were extracted using various concentrations of ethanol (60, 80, or 100%). Highest content of total polyphenols (18.07 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoids (4.53 mg cathechin equivalent/g) was found in the 100% ethanolic extract of the leaves (E100). Also, the E100 extract showed the highest levels of 2,2'azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and α-α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. Reducing power was also the highest (39.21 mg Trolox equivalent/g) in E100 extract. The E100 extract effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation by 91.45% compared to the control group. Also, the E100 extract showed a cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells and decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that bitter melon leaves could be regarded as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Considering the situation in the early 20th century when the existing urban system centered on urban areas began to change, the biggest factors causing urban structural changes in urban areas are construction of railroad and urban dismantling. The change process of Eupseong, in the microscopic viewpoint, can be understood as a process of change in the course of dismantlement of town's demarcation, improvement of accessibility and urban expansion due to the construction of railroads, process of urban expansion following the crumbling boundaries and structural changes. This study aimed to look at the transformation process of the Eupseong in the early 20th century, focusing on the demolition of the castle and the railway construction from a microscopic point of view of city.

혈관육종은 연부조직에서 기원하는 매우 드문 종양인데 간담도계에서 발생하는 혈관육종은 더욱 드물다. 혈관육종은 증상이 비특이적이고 진단도 어렵기 때문에 발견 당시 이미 병기가 진행된 경우가 많으며 예후도 나쁘다. 저자들은 우측 상복부 통증으로 내원하여 총담관 혈관육종으로 진단 된 증례를 경험하였다. 총담관에서 기원한 혈관육종은 현재 까지 보고된 바가 없기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

국내 벼 품종 중 아밀로스 함량과 아밀로펙틴 조성이 다양한 품종의 막걸리 특성을 분석하여 막걸리 품질 고급화 및 다양화를 위한 자료를 제공하고자 본 실험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같았다. ‘고아미2호’, ‘고아미3호’, ‘고아미4호’는 품종별 전분 특성과 호화 특성 분석 결과, 낮은 아밀로펙틴 단쇄 비율과 높은 아밀로스 함량에 기인하여 점성이 낮게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었고, 높은 호화개시온도로 인해 가열흡수비와 팽창용적이 각각 2.09~2.13, 25.02~26.78 ㎤로 다른 품종에 비해 유의하게 낮아, 막걸리 발효에 적합한 전분의 호화가 이루어지지 않음을 확인할 수 있어, 막걸리 제조를 위해 호화를 증진시키기 위한 가공 방법 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 품종별 막걸리의 품질 특성은 ‘설갱’, ‘백진주’, ‘일품’의 알코올 함량은 17.3~18.0% 범위로 통계적인 유의차는 없었으나, ‘고아미2호’와 ‘고아미3호’, ‘고아미4호’는 10.0~10.5%로 상대적으로 낮은 알코올 함량을 나타내었고, 당도 또한 ‘설갱’, ‘백진주’, ‘일품’에 비해 절반 가까이 낮았으나, pH와 산도는 품종 간 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 원료곡에서 높은 난소화성 다당류 함량을 지닌 ‘고아미4호’ 등은 막걸리에서도 역시 난소화성 다당류 함량이 유의하게 높아, 향후 막걸리 제품으로 이용 시 건강 기능성에 기여할 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대되었다. 결과적으로 아밀로펙틴 조성과 난소화성 다당류 함량에서 차이를 보인 ‘고아미2호’, ‘고아미3호’, ‘고아미4호’ 막걸리의 높은 제조수율과 난소화성 다당류 함량 및 낮은 알코올 함량과 당도를 확인하였으며, 지속적인 발효 공정 연구를 통해 국내 기능성 품종을 이용한 고품질 막걸리 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study investigated the changes in the nutraceutical lipid components of brown rice oil after germination. Four different high-yielding cultivars (Dasan1, Segyejinmi, Hanareum1 and Hanareum2) of Korean brown rice were selected and brown rice oil was extracted from each cultivar before and after germination. Free fatty acid, squalene, policosanols, and isomers of phytosterol were analyzed using GC, and isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) and γ-oryzanol were quantified using HPLC from both brown rice oil (BRO) and germinated brown rice oil (GBRO). The contents of phytosterol isomers, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol were increased by 8.3%, 31.6%, 3.3% in GBRO, respectively. Furthermore, the squalene content showed the highest increase of up to 2.4 fold in GBRO compared to BRO. In addition, linoleic and linolenic acid composition increased whereas oleic and palmitic acid decreased in the GRBO. However, the contents of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienol) in GBRO were lower than those in BRO, and there was no significant difference in policosanol and γ-oryzanol between GBRO and BRO. These results suggest that GBRO has the potential as a healthy and functional source due to its lipid profile on improved lipid metabolism.

본 연구에서는 몇 가지 벼 품종(삼광, 미광, 칠보, 청해진미 및 조운)의 도정 부산물인 미강에 대한 추출 온도에 따른 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 성분(polyphenol, flavonoid)과 항산화 활성(DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, 환원력)을 비교?분석하여 기능적 가치를 평가함으로써 이용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 추출 온도에 따른 미강의 항산화 성분을 측정한 결과, 총 polyphenol 함량에서는 추출 온도가 높을수록 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타낸 반면, 총 flavonoid 함량은 추출 온도에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 항산화 활성측정 결과, DPPH radical 소거능을 제외한 총 항산화력(ABTS radical 소거능)과 환원력은 온도가 높아짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 조사되어진 품종들의 미강 최적 추출조건은 청해진미로 25℃에서 추출하였을 경우에 가장 우수한 항산화 효과를 얻을 수가 있었다. 이에 본 연구결과를 토대로 최적의 기능성 성분을 활용할 수 있는 추출 온도를 제공함으로써 도정 부산물의 최적 추출조건 및 품종별 쌀의 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

In order to study the cooking characteristics of four rice cultivars of Seolhyangchal, Baegjinju, Ilpum and Haiami, we investigated the relationship between the textures of cooked rice and their physicochemical properties. Different levels in grain weight. length/width ratio and amylose content were observed among the four rice cultivars. There was no significant difference in the amylopectin chain length distribution among the cultivars. Water absorptions of rice grains during soaking were completed between 30 and 40 min, with Haiami showing the slowest absorption. Significant differences in the viscosity properties of rice flour were found by a Rapid Visco Analyser. Baegjinju with low amylose content had the highest viscosity in paste breakdown. According to the DSC results of rice starches, there were significant differences in the onset, peak and conclusion temperatures of the endothermic peak. Gelatinization enthalpy showed energy content changes between 4.20 and 6.97 J/g, with the lowest change in Haiami. Texture properties of cooked rice were assessed using a Texture Analyzer, which showed that the hardness of cooked rice was decreased with soaking than without soaking. However, this finding was not applicable for Haiami rice.

The purpose of this study is to deliberate on design application for a structure of beam with partially restrained composite connection to CFT column. It was intended to apply an economic and stable component by adjusting stiffness ratio of column connection through partially restrained composite connection. As a result of the review of stability of the structure, it was confirmed that in case of a low-rise building as a moment frame, it could be resisted without brace, as stiffness was increased when taking advantage of partial restrained composite connection by composite action.

본 연구에서는 국내에서 시판되고 있는 19종 식초 및 식초 음료에 대해 항산화활성과 항산화성분의 함량을 측정함으로써 그 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 발사믹 식초가 372.53mg/100mL로 가장 높았으며, 주로 음료용 식초가 조리용 식초보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 또한 총 플라보노이드 함량에서도 발사믹 식초가 114.40mg/100mL로 가장 높았으며, 주로 음료용 식초가 조리용 식초보다 높은 함량을 나타낸 반면에, 유기산 함량에서는 빙초산이 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 본 연구에서 식초의 유기산 함량과 항산화 성분·활성은 상관관계가 없었으며 이는 식초의 유기산이 항산화 활성에는 관여하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 항산화 활성이 가장 높게 나타난 식초는 발사믹 식초였으며, 주로 음료용식초가 조리용식초보다 높게 나타났으며, 식초의 항산화 활성에 주로 기여하는 물질은 폴리페놀 화합물로 생각된다.