It has been reported that primary school students have difficulties in the reading process and their interests and achievement in reading is low, in spite of the various methods that have been introduced. This study aims to examine the reading approaches at the primary school level. To achieve this purpose, the primary English curriculum and textbooks were analyzed in order to explore the approaches that were adopted for primary English reading. The textbooks were analyzed in two aspects: the selection of words and the teaching methods for reading. The data revealed that the curriculum looked well-structured according to the developmental stages of reading, but that the textbooks did not facilitate reading for early readers. Although the reading text increased gradually from the letter to the sentence level, the words in each unit were not organized to help readers recognize the text efficiently which impinged on the students’ reading comprehension. Since words at each unit were selected meaning-based, students had to memorize them as a unitary whole. On the other hand, it was rare to find words structured on the basis of letter-sound relations between words. This lack of structure prevented students from recognizing the alphabetic principles of English. As a result, the textbooks did not consider the bottom-up skills at all in its development process. Therefore, students failed to acquire the basic principles of alphabetic language in the early reading stage. Some suggestions for curriculum and textbook development are presented in the end.

This study attempts to analyze the honorific system in Middle Age Korean through a sociolinguistic approach. Although this area has been researched from many viewpoints so that mentioning the status or necessity of the honorary hierarchy in Korean is unnecessary, it is not an exaggeration to state that there has not been any previous research to explain it from a sociolinguistic perspective. The reason is that it is difficult to explain the speaking environment and the relationship to listeners dearly because the language data in the fifteenth century exist in the form of literature. Considering the aspects of use or characteristics of the honor hierarchy, in roost cases a sociolinguistic perspective is necessary and should be applied to Middle Age Korean. This study defines the honorific system in Middle Age Korean as an 'absolute honor hierarchy' as opposed to a 'relative honor hierarchy' and aims to show the reason why there was a 'language step change' at that time. Furthermore, the importance of the 'solidarity' relationship in the real situation of society where the principle of 'power' dominated was explored.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 13(1). This case study illustrates the changes of five Korean English as a Second Language (ESL) students' language learning motivation in Toronto. For each participant, semi-structured interviews were conducted once a month for six months. The data demonstrate that 1) in the initial phase, their ESL motivation is represented by extrinsic motivation, which is related to their future job opportunities, and they try to actively participate in the target language community: 2) in the middle phase, they feel a growing sense of intrinsic motivation, but at the same time experience challenges in maintaining intrinsic motivation due to their ESL school or homestay changes: and 3) in the last phase, intrinsic motivation atrophies, and they focus on ESL learning either on their own or with the help of native speaking English tutors. The data show that the nature of ESL motivation of the students in the study is influenced by their unique sociocultural surroundings. The findings imply that without continuous effort to participate in the target language community, study abroad in an ESL society does not guarantee expected ESL proficiency.

This paper is for applying interactive fuzzy linear programming for the problem of product mix planning, which is one of the aggregate planning problem. We developed a modified algorithm, which has two-phase approach for interactive fuzzy linear programming to get a better solution. Adding two-phase method, we expect to obtain not only the highest membership degree, but also a better utilization of each constrained resource.

The article is to find out the task and orientation in Christian missions toward North Korea. First of all, it subscribes the various approaches of Christian missions toward North Korea such as the emic approach, the epic approach, and the holistic approach. Then, it describes the historical changes of the paradigm in the society of North Korea. North Koreans have evaluated Christianity negatively as the spy of the american imperialism. From the end of 1980s, however, they have changed their minds that Christianity must have been a religion of charity for the national unity. Finally, the article concludes that the task and orientation in Christian missions toward North Korea should be cooperative between South and North Korean Christians and future-oriented finding felt-needs of North Korean Christians.

The purpose of this study was to apply the sport education model to simple baseball classes in an elementary school and to analyze the characteristics and factors of approach tendency in the course of its application. To attain the aims, one class of 6th

Recently occupational safety and health literatures begin to emphasize the influence of social, organizational or psychological context. Based on this research trend, this paper tried to review the relationship between safety climates and safety compliance. Based on the responses from 385 manufacturing workers, this paper reviewed the relationships among safety climates, safety motivation, and safety compliance. The results of statistical analysis showed that all safety climate factors(management involvement, leadership, safety training, precaution activities, safety system) have affirmative effects on safety motivation and safety compliance. Also, safety motivation appeared to have mediating effects on the relationship between 5 safety climate factors and safety compliance. Especially it appeared to have full mediating effects on the relationship between safety training/ safety system and safety compliance.

Today, the world is marked by confusion and conflicts caused by a lack of leadership. The advance in science and civilization did not bring about a united and harmonious community. Rather, it the opposite phenomena is on the in crease . ln short, excessive materi ali stic affluence has made the soul of mankind desolate. Furthermore, many more people suffer from poverty and the feeling of alienation. The resulting sense of mutual distrust, accentuated by the feeling of comparative deprivation, and the generation gap has led to a state of conflict and confrontation. Thjs state is marked by a tendency towards globalization which is ruled by the logic of power and economics. This in tum has brought about the opposing trend towards regional bloc based on cultural homogeneity. The current general state of affairs calls for a leader capable of providing the necessary leadership to solve the global crisis and confusion and mediate conflicts and reestablish order The current world leadership is lacking in piety and moderation which led them to fa Jl as slaves towards power and materialism. They display clear signs of moral f1aws as they foster distrust among the people, making them move about in confusion amidst the insecure and uneasy world. The res ult of this is a strong distrust towards the current leadership. Thus, the leadership capable of solving these problems must not only be able to realize harmony and unity but must be based on the fundamentally alσuistic， cornmunal and ever-σustful faith of Christian spiri t. The answer, then , lies in the scriptural leadership based on Christian faith. The Scripture teaches us the meaning of true leadership through the image of self-sacrifice. What enables the leader to overcome self-love and see things in an objective way, gives him the ability to control himself, work for the kingdom of God, seek after the spirit of love and unity and overcome all obstacles is the leadership deriving from mission spirit. Historically, young Christians have taken a leading role in this matter. In particular, during the eighteenth century which is marked by confusion, fear and conflicts, young Christians such as Wesley and Whitfield had attempted to solve the many social, political, and economical problems through the practice of spiritual and religious movements such as spiritual revival movements and student mission movements. The reason they were successful was because the young Christians were visionaries armed with open-mindedness and adaptability. The young Christian mission leadership burns with a sense of altruistic purpose and they are filled with a vision, constantly examines themselves and praying for guidance in order to stay true to God’s purpose. As long as they accentuate the vision received from God, grow into leaders deserving of trust and responsibility, maintain the healthY and balanced development of body and spirit, train in the di scipleship, and add hurnility to these, then, they can acquire σue leadership qualities as light and salt to the world. The leadership crisis of the world can be overcome by young Christian mission leadership characterized by its oneness, unity and harrnony, mutual love, efforts to reduce division and conflict, trust and responsibility. The cause of leadership void in the wor1d is selfcenteredness that inhibits efforts to overcome oneself. There can be no alternative world leadership save by following the teachings of Jesus who died for others and taught others to do likewise. Through such leadership, we can overcome unreasonable and conflicting state of affairs and work towards changing the world ruled not by the will of people but where God’s righteousness flows like a river.

Recently occupational safety and health literatures begin to emphasize the influence of social, organizational or psychological context. Based on this research trend, this paper tried to review the relationship between safety climates and safety compliance. Based on the responses from 385 manufacturing workers, this paper reviewed the relationships among safety climates, safety motivation, and safety compliance. The results of statistical analysis showed that all safety climate factors(management involvement, leadership, safety training, precaution activities, safety system) have affirmative effects on safety motivation and safety compliance. Also, safety motivation appeared to have mediating effects on the relationship between 5 safety climate factors and safety compliance. Especially it appeared to have full mediating effects on the relationship between safety training/ safety system and safety compliance.

This paper presents the practical goals and approaches to drive forward informatization of small and medium enterprises(SMES). The presented goals such as productivity, duedate, production cost, and quality measurements are used effectively in the previous diagnosis and the post evaluation for the business of the informatization. As the practical approaches to improve these goals, I consider the importance of balancing, sequencing, scheduling. These methods ease the congestion of production sites of SMES with insufficient competitiveness and can contribute to the promotion of informatization that improves productivity and cuts down the cost of production effectively.

목적 : 본 연구는 지역 사회에 바탕을 둔 재활프로그램의 한 모델로서 작업치료와 실내디자인의 전문가로 구성된 팀을 이루어 주거환경 개선으로 지체장애인의 일상생활 중재에 대한 실제를 알고자 함이다. 연구방법 : 대상은 청주 지역에 사는 버거병을 가진 46세의 남성과 뇌성마비를 지닌 37세 여성이다. 가정 체크리스트를 통해서 장애인에게 각각의 예후와 질병의 특성을 파악한 후 맞춤식 주택 개조를 제안하였고, M.B.I.로 일상생활 평가와 캐나다 작업수행 측정도구를 이용해서 작업수행을 평가하였다. 결과 : 대상자들은 주거환경 개선 후 일상생활에서 향상을 보였으나 통계적 의의는 없었고, 작업 수행과 작업수행만족도에서 의미 있는 변화가 있었다. 결론 : 팀 접근식 주거환경 개선 연구를 통해서 지역 사회에 거주하는 장애인에게 각 전문가의 전문적인 관리를 제공함으로써 독립적인 일상생활, 장애 예방, 작업 수행과 작업수행 만족도가 향상되었다. 추후 연구에서는 주거 환경 개선이 각 대상자의 특성과 상황을 고려한 중재 활동이기에 보다 객관적인 평가를 통한 질적 연구가 필요하리라 본다.

생물다양성협약에서 국가 생물유전자원의 주권을 인정함에 따라 국가별로 생물유전자원의 관리에 대한 법적인 체계를 갖추어야 할 시기가 도래하였다. 생물유전자원의 관리에 있어서 가장 중요한 단계가 접근과 생물자원에서 파생하는 이익공유이다. 제6차 생물다양성협약 당사국 회의에서 채택된 본 지침은 접근과 이익공유과정에서 필수적인 상호합의조건과 사전통보승인제도를 포함하고 있다. 상호합의조건은 원산국과 이용 실체간의 계약 협정이고 사전통보승인제도는 생물자원 접근 전에